Ski Area Facilities and Operations Chapter 296-59 WAC

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WAC

296-59-001 Foreword.

296-59-003 Scope and application.

296-59-005 Incorporation of other standards.

296-59-007 Definitions.

296-59-010 Safe place standards.

296-59-015 General requirements.

296-59-020 Management's responsibility.

296-59-025 Employee's responsibility.

296-59-027 Work activities which include skiing.

296-59-030 Safety bulletin board.

296-59-035 First-aid.

296-59-050 Personal protective equipment, general requirements.

296-59-055 Lockout requirements.

296-59-060 Vessel or confined area requirements.

296-59-065 Fire protection and ignition sources.

296-59-070 Illumination.

296-59-075 Electrical equipment and distribution.

296-59-080 Installation, inspection, and maintenance of pipes, piping systems, and hoses.

296-59-085 Scaffolds, construction, use, and maintenance.

296-59-090 Mobile equipment and lift trucks.

296-59-095 Requirements for cranes and hoists-General safety and health standards to prevail.

296-59-115 Ski lift facilities and structures.

296-59-120 Ski lift operations.

296-59-125 Ski lift aerial work platforms.

296-59-130 Ski lift machinery guarding.

296-59-135 Appendix 1-Nonmandatory alternative lockout procedure for ski lifts and tows.

WAC 296-59-001 Foreword.

(1) This vertical standard is promulgated in accordance with applicable provisions of the Washington State Administrative Procedure Act, chapter 34.04 RCW, and the Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act, chapter 49.17 RCW.

(2) The requirements of this chapter shall be applied through the department of labor and industries, division of industrial safety and health, in accordance with administrative procedures provided for in chapter 49.17 RCW, and chapters 296-27, 296-360, and 296-800, and 296-900 WAC.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050 and .060. 07-03-163 (Order 06-30), § 296-59-001, filed 01/24/07, effective 04/01/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-001, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-001, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-003 Scope and application.

(1) The rules of this chapter are applicable to all persons, firms, corporations, or others engaged in the operation of organized ski areas and facilities within the jurisdiction of the department of labor and industries. These rules shall augment the WAC general horizontal standards, specifically referenced WAC vertical standards, and specifically referenced national standards or manuals.

(2) In the event that specific provisions of this chapter may conflict with any other WAC chapter, national standard, or manual, the provisions of this chapter shall prevail.

(3) The rules of this chapter shall not be applied to rescue crews during the time that rescue procedures are in process provided that reasonably prudent methods, equipment, and processes are employed. Personnel directly engaged in rescue operations shall not be subjected to the immediate restraint provisions of RCW 49.17.130.

(4) Nothing herein contained shall prevent the use of existing ski lift and tow equipment during its lifetime unless specific requirements of this chapter require retrofitting or modifications, provided that it shall be in conformance with applicable national or state code requirements at the time of manufacture and be maintained in good condition to conform with safety factors for the materials and method of manufacture used.

(5) Severability. If any provision of this chapter, or its application to any person, firm, corporation, or circumstance is held invalid under state (RCW) or national (Public Law) laws, the remainder of this chapter, or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected.

(6) Variance and procedure. Recognizing that conditions may exist which do not exactly meet the literal requirements of this or other applicable Title 296 WAC standards, pursuant to RCW 49.17.080 and 49.17.090, the director of the department of labor and industries or his/her authorized representative may permit a variance when other means of providing an equivalent measure of protection are afforded. The specific requirements and procedures for variance application are contained in chapter 296-900 WAC, Administrative rules. Application forms may be obtained from the assistant director for safety and health or from regional departmental offices.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050 and .060. 07-03-163 (Order 06-30), § 296-59-00, filed 01/24/07, effective 04/01/07. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-003, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-005 Incorporation of other standards.

(1) Lifts and tows shall be designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with American National Standard Institute (ANSI) B77.1-1982, Standards for Passenger Tramways-Aerial Tramways and Lifts, Surface Lifts, and Tows-Safety Requirements.

(2) Future revised editions of ANSI B77.1-1982 may be used for new installations or major modifications of existing installations, as recommended or approved by the equipment manufacturer or a qualified design engineer, except that, where specific provisions exist, variances shall be requested from the department.

(3) Reserved.

(4) The use of military type weapons for avalanche control shall comply with all requirements of the United States government and/or the military branch having jurisdiction. Compliance shall include qualification of employees, security requirements, and storage and handling of ammunition.

(5) The employer shall develop and maintain a chemical hazard communication program as required by WAC 296-800-170, which will provide information to all employees relative to hazardous chemicals or substances to which they are exposed, or may become exposed, in the course of their employment.

(6) When employees perform activities such as construction work or logging, the WAC chapter governing the specific activity shall apply, e.g., chapter 296-155 or 296-54 WAC, et seq.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and 060. 06-19-074 (Order 05-42), § 296-59-005, filed 09/19/06, effective 12/01/06. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-005, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-16-145, § 296-59-005, filed 8/3/94, effective 9/12/94; 89-11-035 (Order 89-03), § 296-59-005, filed 5/15/89, effective 6/30/89; 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-005, filed 7/6/88.

WAC 296-59-007 Definitions.

“Act” means the Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act of 1973, RCW 49.17.010 et seq.

“Aerial work platform” means any form of work platform, work chair, or workbasket designed to lift or carry workmen to an elevated work position.

“ANSI” means the American National Standards Institute.

“Approved” means approved by the director of the department of labor and industries except where this code requires approval by another specific body or jurisdiction authority.

“ASME” means the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

“Authorized person” means a person approved or assigned by the employer to perform specific duties or to be at specific restricted locations.

“Avalanche” means the sliding or falling of a large amount of snow down a steep slope which has a destructive force due to its mass.

“Belay” means to provide an anchor for a safety line when a person is working in a position exposed to falling or sliding, the mountaineering term.

“Designated” means appointed or authorized by the highest management authority available at the site.

“Department” means the department of labor and industries, division of industrial safety and health, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

“Director” means the director of the department of labor and industries or his/her designated representative.

“Hazard” means that condition, potential or inherent, which might cause injury, death, or occupational disease.

“Lift certificate to operate” means an operating certificate issued by the Washington state parks and recreation commission pursuant to chapter 70.88 RCW subsequent to annual inspections as required by chapter 352-44 WAC.

“N.E.C.” means the National Electric Code, as published by either the National Fire Protection Association or ANSI.

“Occupied building” means a building regularly occupied in whole or in part as a habitation for human beings, or any church, schoolhouse, railroad station, store, or other building where people are accustomed to assemble.

“Qualified” means one who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, license, or professional standing, has successfully demonstrated the personal ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

“RCW” means the Revised Code of Washington, legislative law.

“ROPS” means rollover protective structure.

“S.A.E.” means the society of automotive engineers.

“Safety factor” means the ratio of ultimate breaking strength of any member or piece of material or equipment to the actual working stress or safe load when in use.

“Shall” indicates a mandatory requirement.

“Should” indicates a recommended practice.

“WAC” means the Washington Administrative Code.

“WISHA” means Washington industrial safety and health administration.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 06-19-074 (Order 05-42), § 296-59-007, filed 09/19/06, effective 12/01/06. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-007, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-010 Safe place standards. 

The safe place requirements of the safety and health core rules, WAC 296-800-110, shall be applicable within the scope of chapter 296-59 WAC.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-010, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-010, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-015 General requirements.

(1) The use of any machinery, tool, material, or equipment which is not in compliance with any applicable requirement of this chapter is prohibited. Such machine, tool, material, or equipment shall either be identified as unsafe by tagging or locking the controls to render them inoperable or shall be physically removed from its place of operation.

(2) The employer shall permit only those employees qualified by training or experience to operate equipment and machinery.

(3) Employees shall use safeguards provided for their protection.

(4) Loose or ragged clothing, scarfs, or ties shall not be worn while working around moving machinery.

(5) Workers should not be assigned or permitted to occupy work locations directly under other workers. When such practice is unavoidable, all parties shall be made aware of the potential hazard and adequate protective measures shall be taken. When adequate protective measures are not available, one party shall be moved to eliminate the potential exposure.

(6) Employees shall report to their employers the existence of any unsafe equipment or method, or any other hazard which, to their knowledge, is unsafe. Where such unsafe equipment or method or other hazard exists in violation of this chapter it shall be corrected.

(7) Housekeeping.

(a) All places of employment shall be kept clean to the extent that the nature of the work allows.

(b) The floor of every workroom shall be maintained so far as practicable in a dry condition. Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be maintained. Where necessary or appropriate, waterproof footgear shall be worn.

(c) To facilitate cleaning, every floor, working place, and passageway shall be kept free from protruding nails, splinters, loose boards, unnecessary holes and openings or other tripping hazards.

(d) Cleaning and sweeping shall be done in such a manner as to minimize the contamination of the air with dust and so far as is practical, shall be done outside of working hours.

(8) Requirements for warning signs. Ski area operations which use any form of explosive device for avalanche control shall display warning, information placards and/or signs as found in chapter 296-52 WAC, Part G.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 06-19-074 (Order 05-42), § 296-59-015, filed 09/19/06, effective 12/01/06.Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-015, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-020 Management's responsibility. 

The “safe work environment” section of the safety and health core rules, WAC 296-800-110, shall be applicable within the scope of chapter 296-59 WAC.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-020, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-020, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-025 Employee's responsibility. 

The “employee responsibilities” section of the safety and health core rules, WAC 296-800-120, shall be applicable within the scope of chapter 296-59 WAC.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-025, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-025, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-027 Work activities which include skiing. 

Management shall develop a written safety program for all employees whose job duties include skiing. The program shall include but is not limited to the following:

(1) The skiing ability and physical condition of individuals shall be considered when determining individual job assignments;

(2) The ski equipment used shall be appropriate for the individual when performing any given job assignment;

(3) The condition of all ski equipment shall be checked by a qualified individual at the beginning of each ski season;

(4) Employees shall be instructed not to use ski equipment until it has been checked and approved;

(5) Employees shall be instructed to ski within their ability and in control at all times;

(6) Employees shall be required to check all ski equipment, including adjustments, before starting work each day;

(7) Employees shall be instructed not to use ski equipment which is defective or out of adjustment.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-027, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-030 Safety bulletin board. 

The “safety bulletin board” requirements of the safety and health core rules, WAC 296-800-190, shall be applicable within the scope of chapter 296-59 WAC.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-030, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-030, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-035 First-aid. 

The first-aid provisions of the safety and health core rules, WAC 296-800-150 apply within the scope of chapter 296-59 WAC.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-035, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 00-01-038 (Order 99-08), § 296-59-035, filed 12/07/99, effective 02/01/2000. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-035, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-050 Personal protective equipment, general requirements.

(1) Application.

(a) Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, and protective shields and barriers, shall be provided at no cost to employees, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is indicated by reason of hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation, or physical contact.

(b) Employee-owned equipment. Where employees provide their own protective equipment, the employer shall be responsible to assure its adequacy, including proper maintenance, and sanitation of such equipment.

(c) Design, construction, testing, and use of personal protective equipment shall comply with the requirements of the safety and health core rules, WAC 296-800-160; the Occupational health standards--Safety standards for carcinogens, chapter 296-62 WAC; or the currently applicable ANSI standard.

(2) Eye and face protection. Eye and face protective equipment shall be provided and worn where there is exposure in the work process or environment to hazard of injury, which can be prevented by such equipment.

(3) Occupational head protection. Employees working in areas where there is a possible danger of head injury from impact, or from falling or flying objects, or from electrical shock and burns, shall be protected by protective helmets, i.e., a lift operator would not be required to use a hardhat while operating the lift. However, if that same person is assisting with maintenance operations and is working under a tower where overhead work is being done, that operator would now be required to wear an approved helmet.

(a) Helmets for the protection of employees against impact and/or penetration of falling and flying objects shall meet the specifications contained in American National Standards Institute, Z89.1-1986, Safety Requirements for Industrial Head Protection.

(b) Helmets for the head protection of employees exposed to high voltage electrical shock and burns shall meet the specifications contained in American National Standards Institute, Z89.2-1971, Safety Requirements for Industrial Protective Helmets for Electrical Workers, Class B.

(c) Approved head protection shall be worn by operators of snowmobiles and other mobile oversnow equipment which is not equipped with a rigid metal operator's cab.

(4) Occupational foot protection.

(a) Substantial footwear appropriate for the work conditions encountered shall be worn by all employees.

(b) Where the job assignment includes exposure to slipping hazards, soles and heels of footwear shall be of such material and design as to reduce the hazard of slipping.

(5) Safety belts, lifelines, lanyards, and nets.

(a) Safety belts, lifelines, and lanyards which meet the requirements of ANSI A10.14 shall be provided and used whenever employees are working in locations which expose them to a fall of more than ten feet. The particular work location and application shall dictate which type of belt or harness and length of lanyard is used.

(b) Lifelines shall be secured to an anchorage or structural member capable of supporting a minimum dead weight of five thousand four hundred pounds.

(c) Lifelines used on rock scaling applications or in areas where the lifeline may be subjected to cutting or abrasion shall be a minimum of seven-eighths inch wire core manila rope or equivalent. For all other lifeline applications, three-fourths inch manila rope or equivalent with a minimum break strength of five thousand four hundred pounds may be used.

(d) Each safety belt lanyard shall be a minimum of one-half inch nylon, or equivalent, with a minimum of five thousand four hundred pounds breaking strength.

(e) Employees will not be required to wear a safety belt and lanyard while riding on a standard lift chair while seated in the normal riding position.

(f) Safety nets meeting the requirements of ANSI A10.11 shall be used when other acceptable forms of fall protection are not useable. When used, safety nets shall extend a minimum of eight feet beyond the edge offering exposure, shall be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent user's contact with surfaces or objects below, and shall not be more than twenty-five feet below the fall exposure edge.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 09-05-071 (Order 08-35), §296-59-050, filed 02/17/09, effective 04/01/09. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-050, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-050, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-055 Lockout requirements.

(1) Each employer shall develop a formal written policy and procedure for lockout requirements. The policy shall embody the principles of subsection (2) of this section and shall clearly state that the procedures must be applied in all instances.

(a) The lockout policy shall be posted on all required employee bulletin boards.

(b) The lockout policy and procedures shall be made a part of new employee orientation and employee training programs.

(c) Supervisors and crew leadpersons shall assure compliance with the published policy and procedures in all instances.

(2) Whenever the unexpected start-up of machinery, the energizing of electrical circuits, the flow of material in piping systems, or the removal of guards would endanger workers, such exposure shall be prevented by deactivating and locking out the controls as required by this section.

(3) Equipment requirements.

(a) The employer shall provide and each employee shall use as many padlocks, tags, chains, or devices as are necessary to implement these requirements.

(b) Provisions shall be made whereby the source of power or exposure can be locked out in accordance with the requirements of this section.

(c) On electrically powered equipment, “stop/start” control switches shall not be used as lockout switches. Lockout switches must be the primary circuit disconnects and must adequately separate both the power source and any auxiliary power unit from the prime mover so that accidental start-up of the equipment being locked out is precluded.

(d) Keyed-alike locks, which all open with identical keys, shall not be issued as personal lockout locks.

(4) Training requirements.

(a) Each person who will be given authority to implement these requirements shall first be thoroughly trained in the requirements and procedures.

(b) Before being given authority to deactivate and lockout a particular system or piece of equipment, authorized personnel shall be made fully aware of all power sources and/or material entry sources which may offer exposure.

(c) Checklists shall be used to implement effective lockout procedures for complex systems or equipment.

(i) Complex is identified as those systems or equipment which require the locking out of four or more controls to assure isolation or which have controls remote from the immediate work area.

(ii) Checklists shall identify all controls necessary to achieve isolation at the intended worksite(s).

(iii) Checklists shall provide a space after each listed control to be used for the identity of the person(s) who performed the lockout and required post-lockout tests of each control.

(iv) Checklists shall be prepared by qualified personnel and approved by the responsible area supervisor before each use.

(5) Control procedure.

(a) Each person who could be exposed to the hazard shall apply a personal padlock on each control mechanism. Padlocks shall be applied in such a manner as to physically block the controls from being moved into the operating position. Each lock shall be personally identified or an information tag identifying the owner shall be attached to the lock.

(b) Padlocks used in lockout procedures may only be removed by the person identified on the lock, except, when it is positively determined that the owner/user of the lock has left the premises without removing a lock, the job supervisor may remove the lock in accordance with a specific procedure formulated by the local plant labor management safety committee or approved by the department.

(6) Testing after lockout or tagout. After tagging or locking out equipment, a test shall be conducted to ascertain that the equipment has been made inoperative or the flow of material has been positively stopped. Precautions shall be taken to ascertain that persons will not be subjected to any hazard while conducting the test if the power source or flow of material is not shut off.

(7) Temporary or alternate power to be avoided. Whenever possible, temporary or alternate sources of power to the equipment being worked on shall be avoided. If the use of such power is necessary, all affected employees shall be informed and the source of temporary or alternate power shall be identified.

(8) Where tags or signs are required to implement the lockout and control procedures, the tag and attachment device shall be constructed of such material that it will not be likely to deteriorate in the environment that it will be subjected to.

(9) Provisional exception. Electrical lighting and instrument circuits of two hundred forty volts or less on single phase systems or two hundred seventy-seven volts on three-phase systems may be exempted from the lockout requirements of subsection (5)(a) of this section provided that:

(a) An information tag meeting the requirements of subsection (8) of this section is used in lieu of a padlock.

(b) The information tag shall be placed on the switch or switch cover handle in such a manner as to easily identify the deactivated switchgear.

(10) Deactivating piping systems.

(a) Hazardous material systems are defined as: Gaseous systems that are operated at more than two hundred psig; systems containing any liquid at more than five hundred psig; systems containing any material at more than 130°F; systems containing material which is chemically hazardous as defined by NFPA 704 M Class 3 and 4; systems containing material classified as flammable or explosive as defined in NFPA Class I.

(b) Lockout of piping systems shall provide isolation to the worksite, including backflow where such potential exists and where the system is classified as a hazardous material system. The required method shall be applied based on the content of the system as specified below:

(i) Nonhazardous systems shall be deactivated by locking out either the pump or a single valve.

(ii) Hazardous material systems shall be deactivated by one of the following methods:

(A) Locking out both the pump and one valve between the pump and the worksite;

(B) Locking out two valves between the hazard source and the worksite;

(C) Installing and locking out a blank flange between the hazard source and worksite.

Exception: Aerial tramways and lifts, surface lifts and tows. It is recognized that some inspection, testing, running adjustments, and maintenance tasks cannot be accomplished on this equipment while using standard lockout procedures, particularly when using a work platform suspended from the haulrope. Management of each ski area shall therefore develop a specific written procedure to be used in any instance where any potentially exposed personnel cannot personally lock the controls. The procedure for each area shall meet the following minimum requirements:

(I) The controls shall be attended by a qualified operator at all times when personnel are in potentially exposed work positions and the controls are not padlocked out.

(II) Direct communication capability between the control operator and remote work crew shall be maintained at all times.

(III) All personnel involved shall be thoroughly trained in the exact procedures to be followed.

(IV) Extension tools which minimize personnel exposure shall be used where possible.

(V) The equipment shall be operated at the slowest speed possible consistent with the task at hand.

(VI) This exception shall not be used by more than one workcrew at more than one remote location on any single piece of equipment or system.

(VII) This exception is limited to work on the haulrope, towers, and replacing bullwheel liners. For all other work on the bullwheels or drive operations, the master disconnect shall be deactivated and locked out.

Note: See Appendix 1 for illustrative example.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-055, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-060 Vessel or confined area requirements. 

The requirements of WAC 296-62-145 through 296-62-14529, general occupational health standards for permit - required confined spaces, shall be applicable within the scope of chapter 296-59 WAC.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-007, § 296-59-060, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/1/95; 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-060, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-065 Fire protection and ignition sources. 

The requirements of WAC 296-24-585 and 296-800-300, et seq., relating to fire protection requirements, shall be applicable within the scope of chapter 296-59 WAC.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-065, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-065, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-070 Illumination.

(1) Sufficient illumination required. All areas shall be sufficiently illuminated in order that persons in the area can safely perform their assigned duties. The recommended levels of illumination specified in the safety and health core rules, WAC 296-800-210, shall be followed. When areas are not specifically referred to in chapter 296-800 WAC and the adequacy of illumination for the area or task performed is questionable, a determination of the amount of illumination needed may be made by the division of industrial safety and health.

(2) Emergency or secondary lighting system required.

(a) There shall be an emergency or secondary lighting system which can be actuated immediately upon failure of the normal power supply system. The emergency or secondary lighting system shall provide illumination in the following areas:

(i) Wherever it is necessary for workers to remain at their machine or station to shut down equipment in case of power failure;

(ii) At stairways and passageways or aisleways used by workers as an emergency exit in case of power failure;

(iii) In all plant first-aid and/or medical facilities;

(iv) In emergency power and control room, i.e., in emergency generator rooms unless arranged to start automatically in the event of power failure, or on ski lift motor drive rooms where it would be necessary for employees to switch on the emergency drive system during night skiing.

(b) Emergency lighting facilities shall be checked at least every thirty days for mechanical defects. Defective equipment shall be given priority for repair schedule.

(3) Extension cord type lights. All extension cord type lights shall be provided with proper guards.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-070, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-070, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-075 Electrical equipment and distribution.

(1) National Electrical Code to prevail. All electrical installations and electrical utilization equipment shall comply with the National Electrical Code requirements.

Exception: In instances where (N.E.C.) conflicts with ANSI B77.1 with respect to tramways, surface lifts, or tows, ANSI B77.1 shall prevail.

(2) Authorized personnel to do electrical work. Only those persons who are qualified to do the work assigned and are authorized by the employer shall be allowed to perform electrical work on any electrical equipment or wiring installations.

(3) High voltage areas to be guarded. Motor rooms, switch panel rooms, or other areas where persons may come in contact with high voltages shall be fenced off or be enclosed in a separate area. The gate, door, or access to such area shall be posted with a notice stating that only authorized persons are allowed in the area.

(4) Control panels. In areas where mobile equipment operates, floor stand panels shall be protected from being struck by moving equipment. Start or run handles and buttons shall be protected from accidental actuation.

(5) Switches or control devices. Switches, circuit breakers, or other control devices shall be so located that they are readily accessible for activation or deactivation and shall be marked to indicate their function or machine which they control. The positions of ON and OFF shall be marked or indicated and provision shall be made for locking out the circuit.

(6) Starting requirements for electrically driven equipment after power failure. Electrically driven equipment shall be so designed that it will not automatically start upon restoration of power after a power failure if it will create a hazard to personnel.

(7) Posting equipment automatically activated or remotely controlled. Equipment which is automatically activated or remotely controlled shall be posted, warning persons that machine may start automatically if it will create a hazard to personnel.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-075, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-080 Installation, inspection, and maintenance of pipes, piping systems, and hoses.

(1) Definitions applicable to this section.

(a) “Hazardous material system” is any system within the following classifications:

(i) “Flammable or explosive” - any system containing materials which are hazardous because they are easily ignited and create a fire or explosion hazard, defined by NFPA as Class I liquids;

(ii) “Chemically active or toxic” - any system containing material which offers corrosion or toxic hazard in itself or can be productive of harmful gases upon release, defined by NFPA 704M as Class 3 and 4 materials;

(iii) “Thermally hazardous” - any system above 130°F which exposes persons to potential thermal burns;

(iv) “Pressurized” - any gaseous system above two hundred psig or liquid system above five hundred psig.

(b) “Piping system” - any fixed piping, either rigid pipe or flexible hose, including all fittings and valves, in either permanent or temporary application.

(2) Design and installation. All new piping systems intended to be used in hazardous material service shall be designed and installed in accordance with applicable provisions of the ASME Code for Pressure Piping or in accordance with applicable provisions of ANSI B31.1 through B31.8. The referenced edition in effect at the time of installation shall be utilized.

Note: Both referenced standard have identical requirements.

(3) Inspection and maintenance.

(a) Management shall develop a formal program of inspections for all hazardous material piping systems. The program shall be based on sound maintenance engineering principles and shall demonstrate due consideration for the manufacturing specifications of the pipe, hose, valves, and fittings, the ambient environment of the installation and the corrosive or abrasive effect of the material handled within the system.

(b) Type and frequency of tests and/or inspections and selection of inspection sites shall be adequate to give indications that minimum safe design operating tolerances are maintained. The tests may include visual and nondestructive methods.

(c) All employers shall submit their formal program of initial and ongoing inspections to the department for approval within one year after the effective date of this requirement.

(d) All existing hazardous material systems shall be inspected to the criteria of this section prior to two years after effective date, or in accordance with a schedule approved by the department.

(4) Inspection records.

(a) Results of inspections and/or tests shall be maintained as a record for each system.

(b) Past records may be discarded provided the current inspection report and the immediate preceding two reports are maintained.

(c) When a system is replaced, a new record shall be established and all past records may be discarded.

(d) The records for each system shall be made available for review by the department upon request.

(e) The employer may omit the inspection requirements for portions of existing systems that are buried or enclosed in permanent structures in such a manner as to prevent exposure to employees even in the event of a failure.

(5) Systems or sections of systems found to be below the minimum design criteria requirements for the current service shall be repaired or replaced with component parts and methods which equal the requirements for new installations.

(6) Identification of piping systems.

(a) Pipes containing hazardous materials shall be identified. It is recommended that USAS A13.1 “Scheme for Identification of Piping Systems” be followed.

(b) Positive identification of piping system content shall be identified by lettered legend giving the name of the content in full or abbreviated form, or a commonly used identification system. Such identification shall be made and maintained at suitable intervals and at valves, fittings, and on both sides of walls or floors. Arrows may be used to indicate the direction of flow. Where it is desirable or necessary to give supplementary information such as hazard of use of the piping system content, this may be done by additional legend or by color applied to the entire piping system or as colored bands. Legends may be placed on colored bands.

Examples of legends which may give both positive identification and supplementary information regarding hazards or use are:

Note: Manual L-1, published by Chemical Manufacturers Association, Inc., is a valuable guide in respect to supplementary legend.

(c) When color, applied to the entire piping system or as colored bands, is used to give supplementary information it should conform to the following:

(d) Legend boards showing the color and identification scheme in use shall be prominently displayed at each plant. They shall be located so that employees who may be exposed to hazardous material piping systems will have a frequent reminder of the identification program.

(e) All employees who work in the area of hazardous material piping systems shall be given training in the color and identification scheme in use.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-080, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-085 Scaffolds, construction, use, and maintenance.

(1) Whenever work must be performed at a height which cannot be reached from the floor or permanent platform and where it would not be a safe practice to use a ladder, a properly constructed scaffold shall be provided and used.

(2) Scaffolds shall be constructed and used in compliance with Scaffolds, chapter 296-874, WAC.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-59-085, filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-085, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-090 Mobile equipment and lift trucks.

(1) Mobile equipment shall be designed, constructed, maintained, and used in accordance with this section and appropriate ANSI and/or SAE requirements.

(2) Operator training.

(a) Methods shall be devised by management to train personnel in the safe operation of mobile equipment.

(b) Training programs for all mobile equipment shall include the manufacturer's operating instructions when such instructions are available.

(c) Only trained and authorized operators shall be permitted to operate such vehicles.

(3) Special duties of operator. Special duties of the operator of a power-driven vehicle shall include the following:

(a) Test brakes, steering gear, lights, horns, warning devices, clutches, etc., before operating vehicle;

(b) Not move a vehicle while an unauthorized rider is on the vehicle;

(c) Slow down and sound horn upon approaching blind corners or other places where vision or clearance is limited;

(d) Comply with all speed and traffic regulations and other applicable rules;

(e) Have the vehicle being operated under control at all times so that he can safely stop the vehicle in case of emergency; and

(f) Keep the load on the uphill side when driving a forklift vehicle on a grade.

(4) Operator to be in proper position. Control levers of lift trucks, front end loaders, or similar types of equipment shall not be operated except when the operator is in his proper operating position.

(5) Raised equipment to be blocked. Employees shall not work below the raised bed of a dump truck, raised buckets of front end loaders, raised blades of tractors or in similar positions without blocking the equipment in a manner that will prevent it from falling. When working under equipment suspended by use of jacks, safety stands or blocking shall be used in conjunction with the jack.

(6) Precautions to be taken while inflating tire. Unmounted split rim wheels shall be placed in a safety cage or other device shall be used which will prevent a split rim from striking the worker if it should dislodge while the tire is being inflated.

(7) Reporting suspected defects. If, in the opinion of the operator, a power-driven vehicle is unsafe, the operator shall report the suspected defect immediately to the person in charge. Any defect which would make the vehicle unsafe to operate under existing conditions shall be cause for immediate removal from service. The vehicle shall not be put back into use until it has been made safe.

(8) Safe speed. Vehicles shall not be driven faster than a safe speed compatible with existing conditions.

(9) Unobstructed view.

(a) Vehicle operators shall have a reasonably unobstructed view of the direction of travel. Where this is not possible, the operator shall be directed by a person or by a safe guidance means or device.

(b) Where practical, mirrors shall be installed at blind corners or intersections which will allow operators to observe oncoming traffic.

(c) It is recommended that vehicles operating in congested areas be provided with an automatic audible or visual alarm system.

(10) Passengers to ride properly.

(a) Passengers shall not be permitted to ride with legs or arms extending outside the running lines of the cab, FOPS, or ROPS of any vehicle.

(b) Passengers on mobile oversnow equipment shall ride within the cab unless exterior seating is provided. The exterior seating may include the cargo bed provided that the bed is equipped with sideboards and a tailgate at least ten inches high. If passengers are permitted to stand in the bed, adequate handholds shall be provided.

(c) The number of passengers and seating arrangements within the cab on any mobile equipment shall not interfere with the operator's ability to safely operate the equipment.

(d) Exterior passengers shall not be permitted on mobile oversnow equipment which has snow grooming equipment mounted on the bed or when the machine is towing any kind of equipment, sleds, etc.

(e) Operators shall use good judgment with respect to speed and terrain when carrying exterior passengers.

(11) Horns and lights.

(a) Every vehicle shall be provided with an operable horn distinguishable above the surrounding noise level.

(b) Any vehicle required to travel away from an illuminated area shall be equipped with a light or lights which adequately illuminate the direction of travel.

(12) Brakes on power-driven vehicles. Vehicles shall be equipped with brakes and devices which will hold a parked vehicle with load on any grade on which it may be used. The brakes and parking devices shall be kept in proper operating condition at all times.

(13) Cleaning vehicles. All vehicles shall be kept free of excessive accumulations of dust and grease which may present a hazard.

(14) Lifting capacity of vehicle to be observed. At no time shall a load in excess of the manufacturer's maximum lifting capacity rating be lifted or carried. Such lifting capacity may only be altered with the approval of the equipment manufacturer or a qualified design engineer.

(15) Posting rated capacity. The maximum rated lifting capacity of all lift trucks shall at all times be posted on the vehicle in such a manner that it is readily visible to the operator.

(16) Carrying loose material. Lift trucks shall not be used to carry loose loads of pipe, steel, iron, lumber, palletized material, rolls of paper, or barrels unless adequate clearance is provided and the loads are stabilized.

(17) Position of lift forks or clamps. The forks or clamps of lift trucks shall be kept as low as possible while the vehicle is moving. They shall be lowered to the ground or floor when the vehicle is parked.

(18) Walking under loads prohibited. No person shall be allowed under the raised load of a lift truck, backhoe, or front end loader.

(19) Hoisting of personnel on vehicle forks prohibited. Personnel shall not be hoisted by standing directly on the forks of vehicles.

(20) Using forklifts as elevated work platforms. A platform or structure built specifically for hoisting persons may be used providing the following requirements are met:

(a) The structure must be securely attached to the forks and shall have standard guardrails and toeboards installed on all sides;

(b) The hydraulic system shall be so designed that the lift mechanism will not drop faster than one hundred thirty-five feet per minute in the event of a failure in any part of the system. Forklifts used for elevating work platforms shall be identified that they are so designed;

(c) A safety strap shall be installed or the control lever shall be locked to prevent the boom from tilting;

(d) An operator shall attend the lift equipment while workers are on the platform;

(e) The operator shall be in the normal operating position while raising or lowering the platform. A qualified operator shall remain in attendance whenever an employee is on the work platform;

(f) The vehicle shall not travel from point to point while workers are on the platform except that inching or maneuvering at very slow speed is permissible; and

(g) The area between workers on the platform and the mast shall be adequately guarded to prevent contact with chains or other shear points.

(21) Overhead guards on lift trucks. All lift trucks shall be equipped with an overhead guard constructed and installed to conform to USAS B56.1-1969 “Safety Code for Powered Industrial Trucks.” This guard may be removed only when it cannot be used due to the nature of the work being performed in which case loads shall be maintained so as not to create a hazard to the operator.

(22) Protection from exhaust system. Any exhaust system which might be exposed to contact shall be properly insulated or isolated to protect personnel. Exhaust systems on lift trucks and jitneys shall be constructed to discharge either within twenty inches from the floor or eighty-four inches or more above the floor. The exhausted gases shall be directed away from the operator. The equipment shall be designed in such a manner that the operator will not be exposed to the fumes.

(23) Emergency exit from mobile equipment. Mobile equipment with an enclosed cab shall be provided with an escape hatch or other method of exit in case the regular exit cannot be used.

(24) Vehicle wheels chocked. When driving mobile equipment onto the bed of a vehicle, the wheels of the vehicle shall be chocked.

(25) Prevent trailer from tipping. Suitable methods shall be used or devices installed which will prevent the trailer from tipping while being loaded or unloaded.

(26) Refueling. Gasoline or LPG engines shall be shut off during refueling.

(27) Close valve on LPG container. Whenever vehicles using LP gas as a fuel are parked overnight or stored for extended periods of time indoors, with the fuel container in place, the service valve of the fuel container shall be closed.

(28) LPG tanks. LPG vehicle fuel tanks shall be installed and protected in a manner which will minimize the possibility of damage to the tank.

(29) Inspecting and testing of LPG containers. LPG containers shall be inspected and tested as required by chapter 296-24 WAC.

(30) Spinners on steering wheels. The use of spinners on steering wheels shall be prohibited unless an antikick device is installed or the equipment has a hydraulic steering system.

(31) The requirements of chapter 296-817 WAC, Hearing loss prevention (noise), apply to mobile equipment operation.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 03-11-060 (Order 02-16), § 296-59-090, filed 05/19/03, effective 08/01/03. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-090, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59-095 Requirements for cranes and hoists-General safety and health standards to prevail. 

All applicable rules for design, construction, maintenance, operation, and testing of cranes and hoists contained in the General safety and health standards, chapter 296-24 WAC, shall be met.

[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-59-095, filed 7/6/88.]

WAC 296-59 (Continued)