(1) Drafts shall be safely slung before being hoisted. Loose dunnage
or debris hanging or protruding from loads shall be removed.
(2) Bales of cotton, wool, cork, wood pulp, gunny bags, or similar articles
shall be hoisted only by straps strong enough to support the weight of
the bale. At least two hooks, each in a separate strap, shall be used.
(3) Unitized loads bound by bands or straps shall only be hoisted by
the banding or strapping if the banding or strapping is suitable for hoisting
and is strong enough to support the weight of the load.
(4) Additional means of hoisting shall be employed to ensure safe lifting
of unitized loads having damaged banding or strapping.
(5) Case hooks shall be used only with cases designed to be hoisted by
these hooks.
(6) Loads requiring continuous manual guidance during handling shall
be guided by guide ropes (tag lines) that are long enough to control the
load.
(7) Intermodal containers shall be handled in accordance with WAC 296-56-60103.
(8) The employer shall require employees to stay clear of the area beneath
overhead drafts or descending lifting gear.
(9) Employees shall not be permitted to ride the hook or the load.
(10) Cargo handling bridles, such as pallet bridles, which are to remain
attached to the hoisting gear while hoisting successive drafts, shall
be attached by shackles, or other positive means shall be taken to prevent
them from becoming accidentally disengaged from the cargo hook.
(11) Drafts of lumber, pipe, dunnage and other pieces, the top layer
of which is not bound by the sling, shall be slung in such a manner as
to prevent sliders. Double slings shall be used on unstrapped dunnage,
except, when due to the size of hatch or deep tank openings, it is impractical
to use them.
(12) Hand loaded buckets, tubs, bins and baskets used in handling bulk
cargo shall not be loaded above their rim.
(1) In order to provide safe access for handling lines while mooring
and unmooring vessels, cargo or material shall not be stowed or vehicles
placed where they obstruct the work surface.
(2) When stringpiece or apron width is insufficient for safe footing,
grab lines on rails shall be installed on the sides of permanent structures.
(“Stringpiece” means a narrow walkway between the water edge of a berth
and a shed or other structure.)
(3) Areas around bitts or cleats where workers perform their duties as
line handlers shall be lighted as required by this chapter. There shall
be a nonslip surface around each bitt or cleat.
(4) Walkways on which mooring hausers must be moved may have the handrail
omitted on the line handling side provided a six inch by six inch toeboard
is installed.
WAC 296-56-60019 through 296-56-60041 apply to standard gauge railroad
operations.
(1) Work shall be performed in railcars only if floors of the railcars
are in visibly safe condition for the work activity being conducted and
the equipment being used.
(2) A route shall be established to allow employees to pass to and from
places of employment without passing under, over or through railcars,
or between cars less than ten feet (3 m) apart on the same track.
(3) The employer shall direct that no employees remain in railcars after
work is concluded. No employee shall remain in a railcar after work is
concluded.
(4) Railcars shall be chocked or otherwise prevented from moving:
(a) While dockboards or carplates are in position; or
(b) While employees are working within, on or under the railcars or
near the tracks at the ends of the cars.
(5) When employees are working in, on, or under a railcar, positive means
shall be taken to protect them from exposure to impact from moving railcars.
(6) Work being carried on, in, or under cars which subjects employees
to the hazard of moving railroad equipment shall be protected by flags
and derails set a minimum of fifty feet from one or both ends of the worksite.
Where the spur track switch is less than fifty feet from the work location,
the switch padlocked in the open position may take the place of the derail.
The blue flag shall be placed at that point.
(7) Before cars are moved, unsecured and over-hanging stakes, wire straps,
banding, and similar objects shall be removed or placed so as not to create
hazards.
(8) The employer shall institute all necessary controls during railcar
movement to safeguard personnel. If winches or capstans are employed for
movement, employees shall stand clear of the hauling rope and shall not
stand between the rope and the cars.
(9) Before being opened fully, doors shall be opened slightly to ensure
that the load has not shifted during transit. Special precautions shall
be taken if the doors being opened are visibly damaged.
(10) If power industrial trucks are used to open freight car doors, the
trucks or the railcar doors shall be equipped with door opening attachments.
Employees shall stand clear of the railcar doors while they are being
opened and closed.
(11) Only railcar door openers or power trucks equipped with door opening
attachments shall be used to open jammed doors.
(12) Employees shall not remain in or on gondolas or flat cars when drafts
that create overhead, caught-in, caught-between or struck-by hazards are
being landed in or on the railcar. End gates, if raised, shall be secured.
(13) Operators of railcar dumps shall have an unrestricted view of dumping
operations and shall have emergency means of stopping movement.
(14) Recessed railroad switches shall be enclosed to provide a level
surface.
(15) Warning signs shall be posted where doorways open onto tracks, at
blind corners and at similar places where vision may be restricted.
(16) Warning signs shall be posted if insufficient clearance for personnel
exists between railcars and structures.
A blue flag, bright colored flag or blue light shall be displayed at
one or both ends of an engine, car or train to indicate that workers are
under or about the railway equipment. When such warning devices are displayed,
the equipment shall not be coupled to or moved. On a dead end spur, a
blue light or flag may be displayed adjacent to the switch opening while
cars are being loaded or unloaded.
A clearly audible warning system shall be employed when cars are being
moved in areas where workers may be in the vicinity of the tracks. When
the audible warning signal might not be heard above the surrounding noises,
a person shall be delegated and stationed close enough to the track crew
to warn them, by contact, of the oncoming equipment.
When persons are required to work between railway cars, underneath railway
cars or in areas where switching is done, there shall be a person charged
with the responsibility to warn of an approaching switch of the railway
car or cars, unless other reasonable and practical safeguards are provided.
An audible whistle, horn or bell shall be sounded by the locomotive engineer
to give adequate warning prior to switching across any road crossing.
Whenever cars are pushed with a locomotive, a signalman shall be located
at the crossing to give signals in conjunction with other warnings by
the engineer.
Whenever workers are required to move cargo into or out of a railway
car, a railway car plate shall be used which shall meet the following
specifications:
(1) All car plates shall be strong enough to carry maximum loads with
a safety factor of three.
(2) All car plates shall be provided with positive stops to prevent shifting
of plates. One set of these stops shall be adjustable to allow for different
spaces between car door and platform.
(3) Car plates shall be so shaped that edges will always bear on the
floor of car and platform to prevent “teetering” or rocking.
(4) All car plates shall have skid resistant surfaces.
(5) All car plates shall be provided with toe or guard plates at the
sides with a minimum height of four inches.
(6) All car plates must bear no less than six inches back from edge of
platform.
(7) Maximum capacity of car plates shall be marked in a conspicuous place.
(8) Car plates shall be provided with an appropriate fixture to enable
the plates to be lifted and moved by fork trucks.
(1) Portable and powered dockboards shall be strong enough to carry the
load imposed.
(2) Portable dockboards shall be secured in position, either by being
anchored or equipped with devices which will prevent slipping.
(3) Powered dockboards shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with commercial standards CS202-56 (1956) Industrial Lifts and Hinged
Loading Ramps published by the United States Department of Commerce.
(4) Handholds or other effective means, shall be provided on portable
dockboards to permit safe handling.
(5) Positive protection shall be provided to prevent railroad cars from
being moved while dockboards or bridge plates are in position.
(1) The employer shall ensure that structures (bunks) used to contain
logs have rounded corners and rounded structural parts to avoid sling
damage.
(2) Two or more binders or equivalently safe means of containment shall
remain on logging trucks and railcars to secure logs during movement of
the truck or car within the terminal. During unloading, logs shall be
prevented from moving while binders are being removed.
(3) Logs shall be hoisted by two slings or by other gear designed for
safe hoisting.
(4) Logs placed adjacent to vehicle curbs on the dock shall not be over
one tier high unless placed in bunks or so stacked as not to roll or otherwise
creating a hazard to employees.
(5) Before logs are slung up from the dock, they shall be stably supported
to prevent spreading and to allow passage of slings beneath the load.
When bunks or similar retaining devices are used, no log shall be higher
than the stanchions or retaining members of the device.
(6) A draft of logs for hoisting aboard ship shall not vary in length
more than twenty percent.
(7) Audible alarms.
(a) All bidirectional machines, shall be equipped with a horn, distinguishable
from the surrounding noise level, which shall be operated as needed
when the machine is moving in either direction. The horn shall be maintained
in operable condition.
(b) Automatic back-up alarms shall be installed on bidirectional equipment
used to handle logs or containers and shall be maintained in operable
condition.
Barges and railcars shall not be moved by cargo runners (running rigging)
from vessel cargo booms, cranes or other equipment not suitable for the
purpose.
(1) Radio. When practical and safe, crane operators shall be provided
with a radio or telephone to be in contact with the signalman or crane
chaser in those cases where a signalman or crane chaser is required.
(2) Interference. Cargo handling operations shall not be carried on when
noise-producing maintenance, construction or repair work interferes with
communication of warnings or instructions.
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