(1) (a) When employees perform work hazardous to the eyes,
the employer shall provide eye protection equipment marked or
labeled as meeting the manufacturing specifications of American
National Standards Practice for Occupational and Educational
Eye and Face Protection, ANSI Z87.1-1989, and shall direct that
it be used.
(b) For employees wearing corrective spectacles, eye protection
equipment required by (a) of this subsection shall be of a type
which can be worn over spectacles. Prescription ground safety
lenses may be substituted if they provide equivalent protection.
(c) For additional requirements covering eye protection against
radiant energy, see WAC 296-56-60235(8).
(2) Eye protection equipment shall be maintained in good condition.
(3) Used eye protection equipment shall be cleaned and disinfected
before reissuance to another employee.
(1) Employees exposed to impact, falling or flying objects, or
electric shocks or burns shall wear protective hats.
(2) Protective hats shall bear identifying marks or labels indicating
compliance with the manufacturing provisions of American National
Standard Safety Requirements for Industrial Head Protection, ANSI
Z89.1-1986.
(3) Protective hats previously worn shall be cleaned and disinfected
before issuance by the employer to another employee.
(1) The employer shall ensure that each affected employee wears
protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger
of foot injuries due to falling or rolling objects or objects
piercing the sole.
(2) Protective shoes shall bear identifying marks or labels indicating
compliance with the manufacturing provisions of American National
Standard for Men's Safety Toe Footwear, ANSI Z41.1-1991.
(3) The employer shall, through means such as vendors or local
stores, make safety shoes readily available to all employees.
(a) Employees performing work that requires special protective
clothing shall be directed by the employer to wear the necessary
special protective clothing.
(b) When necessary, protective clothing previously worn shall
be cleaned and disinfected before reissuance.
(2) Personal flotation devices.
(a) The employer shall provide, and shall direct the wearing
of personal flotation devices for those employees, such as line
handlers, who are engaged in work in which they may be pulled
into the water:
(i) When such employees are working in isolation: or
(ii) Where physical limitations of available working space
creates a hazard of falling into the water; or
(iii) Where the work area is obstructed by cargo or other
obstacles so as to prevent employees from obtaining safe footing
for their work.
(b) Employees working on, over or along water, where the danger
of drowning exists, shall be provided with and shall wear approved
personal flotation devices.
(i) Employees are not considered exposed to the danger of
drowning when:
(A) Working behind standard height and strength guardrails;
(B) Working inside operating cabs or stations which eliminate
the possibility of accidental falling into the water;
(C) Wearing approved safety belts with lifeline attached
so as to preclude the possibility of falling into the water.
(ii) Prior to and after each use, personal flotation devices
shall be inspected for defects which would reduce their designed
effectiveness. Defective personal flotation devices shall
not be used.
(iii) To meet the requirement of (b) of this subsection,
a personal flotation device shall be approved by the United
States Coast Guard as a Type I PFD, Type II PFD, Type III
PFD, or Type V PFD, or equivalent, pursuant to 46 CFR 160
(Coast Guard Lifesaving Equipment Specifications) and 33 CFR
175.23 (Coast Guard Table of Devices Equivalent to Personal
Flotation Devices). Ski belt or inflatable type personal flotation
devices are specifically prohibited.
(c) Life rings.
(i) Along docks, walkways or other fixed installations on
or adjacent to open water more than five feet deep, approved
life rings with line attached shall be provided. The life
rings shall be spaced at intervals not to exceed two hundred
feet and shall be kept in easily visible and readily accessible
locations.
(ii) When employees are assigned work at other casual locations
where exposure to drowning exists, at least one approved life
ring with line attached shall be provided in the immediate
vicinity of the work.
(iii) Work assigned over water where the vertical drop from
an accidental fall exceeds fifty feet, is subject to specific
procedures approved by the department.
(iv) Lines attached to life rings shall be at least ninety
feet (27.43 m) in length, at least one-quarter inch in diameter
and have a minimum breaking strength of five hundred pounds.
(v) Life rings must be United States Coast Guard approved
thirty inch size (76.2 cm).
(vi) Life rings and attached lines must be maintained to
retain at least seventy-five percent of their designed buoyancy
and strength.
(3) Emergency facilities. When employees are exposed to hazardous
substances which may require emergency bathing, eye washing or
other facilities, the employer shall provide such facilities and
maintain them in good working order.
(4) Employers shall instruct employees to report every injury,
regardless of severity, to the employer.
(5) Stretchers.
(a) There shall be available for each vessel being worked,
one Stokes basket stretcher, or its equivalent, permanently
equipped with bridles for attaching to the hoisting gear.
(b) Stretchers shall be kept close to vessels and shall be
positioned to avoid damage to the stretcher.
(c) A blanket or other suitable covering shall be available.
(d) Stretchers shall have at least four sets of effective patient
restraints in operable condition.
(e) Lifting bridles shall be of adequate strength, capable
of lifting 1,000 pounds (454 kg) with a safety factor of five,
and shall be maintained in operable condition. Lifting bridles
shall be provided for making vertical patient lifts at container
berths. Stretchers for vertical lifts shall have foot plates.
(f) Stretchers shall be maintained in operable condition. Struts
and braces shall be inspected for damage. Wire mesh shall be
secured and have no burrs. Damaged stretchers shall not be used
until repaired.
(g) Stretchers in permanent locations shall be mounted to prevent
damage and shall be protected from the elements if located out-of-doors.
If concealed from view, closures shall be marked to indicate
the location of the life saving equipment.
(6) Telephone or equivalent means of communication shall be readily
available.
(7) Employees working on any bridge or structure leading to a
detached vessel berthing installation shall wear United States
Coast Guard approved personal flotation devices except where protected
by railings, nets, or safety belts and lifelines.
(8) Life ladders. On all docks there shall be substantial built-in
place ladders, spaced at intervals not to exceed four hundred
feet, to reach the lowest water use. When portable ladders are
to be used, ladders may be bolted to the bull rail or dock structure,
or ladders can be secured to an embedded eye bolt in a concrete
dock surface. The immediate area where such ladders or fastenings
are located shall be painted with a bright color or of a color
which contrasts with the surrounding area. There shall be a ladder
at each end of the dock.
(1) The structural integrity of docks, piers, wharves, terminals
and working surfaces shall be maintained.
(2) Maximum safe load limits, in pounds per square foot (kilograms
per square meter), of floors elevated above ground level, and
pier structures over the water shall be conspicuously posted in
all cargo areas.
Exception: Pier structures used primarily
for vehicle traffic may be posted in maximum pounds per axle weight.
(3) Maximum safe load limits shall not be exceeded.
(4) All walking and working surfaces in the terminal area shall
be maintained in good repair.
(5) All steel plates, boards, etc., used to temporarily cover
small holes or weakened surfaces shall be secured in such a manner
as to prevent movement.
(6) All large openings or weakened surfaces shall be barricaded
on all exposed sides with barricades equipped with blinkers, flashing
lights, or reflectors.
(7) Areas around bitts or cleats where workers perform their
duties shall be lighted as required in this section and have a
nonslip surface around each bitt or cleat.
Employees doing maintenance work on cranes, spouts or similar
types of equipment, eight feet or more above the ground or surface
and not in an area that is protected by any standard safeguards
such as walkways with standard railings, or ladders with protective
cages, shall wear a safety belt and lanyard which can be attached
to the structure.
WAC
296-56-60121 Minimum safety requirements for docks and dock
facilities.
No provision of this section shall be construed to imply that
an employer or employees are responsible for repair, construction
or otherwise bringing into compliance facilities over which they
have no control.
(1) Working prohibited on unsafe docks or dock facilities. Employers
shall not allow employees to perform work on docks or dock facilities
which the employer should know do not meet the minimum safety
requirements of this section.
(2) Known unsafe conditions by employees. Employees shall not
work on docks or dock facilities which they should know do not
meet the minimum safety requirements of this section.
(3) Bulletin boards. At each dock, pier, warehouse or designated
area at the job site, there shall be installed a safety bulletin
board.
(4) Posting of notices. It shall be the responsibility of the
employer to post at prominent places in or adjacent to the work
area, legible notices stating:
(a) The location of stretchers, blankets, first-aid equipment
and telephones. (Where possible, directional arrows should point
to locations.)
(b) The phone numbers of doctors, ambulance services and hospitals
within the area and the phone numbers of the police department
or other law enforcement agency. (Where possible these numbers
shall also be posted on or inside the cover of first-aid cabinets
and kits.)
(5) Ventilation. All areas where employees are required to work
shall be ventilated as required by the “general occupational
health standards, chapter 296-62 WAC.
(6) Power outlets. Power outlets installed to supply power to
vessels shall be located in such a manner that the workers will
not come into contact with supply lines. Unprotected power lines
shall not be driven over by equipment. If located on the underside
or waterside of the bull rail, a well lighted walkway with hand
rails shall be provided to the power outlets.
(1) Access to vessels. The employer shall not permit employees
to board or leave any vessel, except a barge or river towboat,
until the following requirements have been met:
(a) Whenever practical a gangway of not less than twenty inches
wide walking surface of adequate strength, maintained and secured
shall be used. If a gangway is not practical a substantial straight
ladder, extending at least thirty-six inches above the upper
landing surface and adequately secured against shifting or slipping
shall be provided. When conditions are such that neither a gangway
nor a straight ladder can be used, a Jacob's ladder meeting
the requirements of subsection (4) of this section may be used.
(b) Each side of such gangway, and the turn table if used,
shall have a railing with a minimum height of thirty-three inches
measured perpendicularly from rail to walking surface at the
stanchion, and a mid rail. Rails shall be of wood, pipe, chain,
wire or rope and shall be kept taut at all times.
(c) Gangways on vessels inspected and certified by the United
States Coast Guard are deemed to meet the foregoing requirements,
except in cases where the vessel's regular gangway is not being
used.
(d) The gangway shall be kept properly trimmed at all times.
(e) When a fixed tread accommodation ladder is used, and the
angle is low enough to require employees to walk on the edge
of the treads, cleated duckboards shall be laid over and secured
to the ladder.
(f) When the lower end of a gangway overhangs the water between
the ship and the dock in such a manner that there is danger
of employees falling between the ship and the dock, a net or
other suitable protection shall be rigged at the foot of the
gangway in such a manner as to prevent employees from falling
from the end of the gangway into the water or into the surface.
(g) If the foot of the gangway is more than one foot away from
the edge of the apron, the space between them shall be bridged
by a firm walkway equipped with railings, with a minimum height
of thirty-three inches with midrails on both sides.
(h) Supporting bridles shall be kept clear so as to permit
unobstructed passage for employees using the gangway.
(i) When the upper end of the means of access rests on or flush
with the top of the bulwark, substantial steps properly secured
and equipped with at least one substantial handrail approximately
thirty-three inches in height shall be provided between the
top of the bulwark and the deck.
(j) Obstructions shall not be laid on or across the gangway.
(k) The means of access shall be illuminated for its full length.
(l) Unless construction of the vessel makes it impossible,
the means of access shall be so located that drafts of cargo
do not pass over it. Loads shall not be passed over the means
of access while employees are on it.
(2) Access to vessels in dry dock or between vessels. Gangways
meeting the requirements of subsection (1)(a), (b), (i), (j) and
(k) of this section shall be provided for access from wing wall
to vessel or, when two or more vessels other than barges or river
towboats are lying abreast, from one vessel to another.
(3) Access to barges and river towboats.
(a) Ramps for access of vehicles to or between barges shall
be of adequate strength, provided with side boards, well maintained
and properly secured.
(b) Unless employees can step safely to or from the wharf,
float, barge, or river towboat, a ramp meeting the requirements
of subsection (1)(a) of this section shall be provided. When
a walkway is impractical, a substantial straight ladder, extending
at least thirty-six inches above the upper landing surface and
adequately secured against shifting or slipping, shall be provided.
When conditions are such that neither a walkway nor a straight
ladder can be used, a Jacob's ladder meeting the requirements
of subsection (4) of this section may be used.
(c) The means of access shall meet the requirements of subsection
(1)(i), (j), and (k) of this section.
(4) Jacob's ladders.
(a) Jacob's ladders shall be of the double rung or flat tread
type. They shall be well maintained and properly secured.
(b) A Jacob's ladder shall either hang without slack from its
lashings or be pulled up entirely.
(a) Vehicle curbs, bull rails, or other effective barriers
at least six inches (15.24 cm) in height and six inches in width,
shall be provided at the waterside edges of aprons and bulkheads,
except where vehicles are prohibited. Curbs or bull rails installed
after January 1, 1985, shall be at least ten inches (22.9 cm)
in height.
(b) The provisions of (a) of this subsection also apply at
the edge of any fixed level above the common floor area from
which vehicles may fall, except at loading docks, platforms
and skids where cargo is moved by vehicles.
(2) Employee protection.
(a) Guardrails shall be provided at locations where employees
are exposed to falls of more than four feet from floor or wall
openings or waterside edges, including bridges or gangway-like
structures leading to pilings, vessel mooring or berthing installations.
(b) Guardrails are not required:
(i) At loading platforms and docks;
(ii) At waterside edges used for cargo or mooring line handling;
(iii) On the working sides of work platforms, skids, or similar
workplaces which abut the work area; or
(iv) On railroad rolling stock, highway vehicles, intermodal
containers, or similar equipment.
(c) Where guardrails are impractical due to machinery requirements
or work processes, an alternate means of fall protection, such
as nets, shall be used.
(3) Criteria for guardrails. Guardrails shall meet the following
criteria:
(a) They shall be capable of withstanding a force of at least
two hundred pounds (890 N) applied in any direction at mid-span
of the top rail (when used), or at the uppermost point if there
is no guard rail.
(b) If not of solid baluster, grillwork, slatted, or similar
construction, guardrails shall consist of top rails and midrails.
Midrails, when used, shall be positioned at approximately half
the height of the top rail.
(c) The top surface of guardrails installed before October
3, 1983, shall be at least thirty-six inches (.091 m) high.
Those installed after October 3, 1983, shall be forty-two inches
(1.07 m) high, plus or minus two inches (5.1 cm), high.
(d) Any nonrigid railing such as chain or wire rope shall have
a maximum sag, at the mid-point between posts, of not more than
six inches (15.24 cm).
(e) Top rails shall be free of sharp edges and maintained in
good repair.
(f) Rail ends shall not overhang. This does not prohibit scrollwork,
boxed ends or similar nonhazardous projections.
(4) Toeboards. Toeboards shall be provided when employees below
could be exposed to falling objects such as tools. Toeboards shall
be at least three and one-half inches (8.9 cm) in height from
top edge to floor level, and be capable of withstanding a force
of fifty pounds (222 N) applied in any direction. Drainage clearance
not in excess of one-eighth inch under toeboards is permitted.
(5) Stair railings. Stair railings shall be capable of withstanding
a force of at least two hundred pounds (890 N) applied in any
direction, and shall not be more than thirty-six inches (0.91
m) nor less than thirty-two inches (0.81 m) in height from the
upper top rail surface to the tread surface in line with the leading
edge of the tread. Railings and midrails shall be provided at
any stairway having four or more risers, as follows:
(a) For stairways less than forty-four inches (1.12 m) wide,
at least one railing; and
(b) For stairways more than forty-four inches (1.12 m) but
less than eighty-eight inches (2.24 m) wide, a stair rail or
handrail on each side, and if eighty-eight or more inches wide,
an additional intermediate handrail.
(6) Condition. Railings shall be maintained free of sharp edges
and in good repair.
(b) Lift trucks and cranes shall not be used to move mechanically
operated doors except when necessary during repair to the doors.
Ropes or other guarding shall be provided to prevent entry into
any area if the door may fall or slide.
(c) Vertically operated doors partially opened for work or
ventilation shall be secured to prevent accidental closing.
(2) Tackle operated cargo doors.
(a) Doors shall be connected to their lifting tackle with shackles
or other secure means.
(b) Lifting bridles and tackles shall have a safety factor
of five, based upon maximum anticipated static loading conditions.
(c) Devices shall be provided to hold overhead doors in the
open position and to secure them when closed.
(d) Lifting gear and hardware shall be maintained in safe condition.
(e) Lifting ropes shall be placed out of the work area and
off the floor.
(3) Horizontal sliding.
(a) Horizontal sliding door rollers shall be constructed to
prevent the door from disengaging from overhead tracks.
(b) Sliding doors shall be secured to prevent them from swinging.
(1) Platforms and skids extending from piers, transit sheds or
lofts and used for landing or hooking drafts shall be provided
with guardrails meeting the requirements of WAC 296-56-60123(3)
on all open sides. Alternate means, such as nets or safety belts
and lifelines, may be used if guardrails are impractical.
(2) Any employee working below a second-story platform or skid
shall be protected from falling objects.
(3) Platforms and skids shall be strong enough to bear the loads
handled and shall be maintained in safe condition. Safe working
loads, which shall be posted or marked on or adjacent to platforms
and skids, shall have a minimum safety factor of five for all
parts, based upon maximum anticipated static loading conditions
and the ultimate strength of the construction material.
(4) The employer shall provide and maintain platform and skid
attachments that will prevent accidental movement of the skid
or platform.
(1) “Elevator” means a permanent hoisting
and lowering mechanism with a car or platform moving vertically
in guides and serving two or more floors of a structure. The term
excludes such devices as conveyors, tiering or piling machines,
material hoists, skip or furnace hoists, wharf ramps, lift bridges,
car lifts, and dumpers.
(2) “Escalator” means a power-driven continuous
moving stairway principally intended for the use of persons.
(3) No elevator or escalator with a defect which affects safety
shall be used.
(4) Elevator safety devices shall not be overridden or made inoperable.
(5) Elevators and escalators shall be thoroughly inspected at
intervals not exceeding one year. Additional monthly inspections
for satisfactory operation shall be conducted by designated persons.
Records of the results of the latest annual elevator inspections
shall be posted in elevators. Records of annual escalator inspections
shall be posted in the vicinity of the escalator or be available
at the terminal.
(6) Elevator landing openings shall be provided with doors, gates,
or equivalent protection, which shall be in place when the elevator
is not at that landing, to prevent employees from falling into
the shaft.
(7) The elevator or escalator maximum load limits shall be posted
and shall not be exceeded. Elevator load limits shall be posted
conspicuously both inside and outside of the car.
(8) Elevators shall be operated only by designated persons except
for automatic or door interlocking elevators which provide full
shaft door closing and automatic car leveling.
(1) Inspection. Manlifts shall be inspected monthly by a designated
person. Safety switches shall be checked weekly. Manlifts found
to be unsafe shall not be operated until repaired. Inspections
shall include at least the following:
(a) Step fastenings;
(b) Rails;
(c) Rail supports and fastenings;
(d) Roller and slides;
(e) Belt and belt tension;
(f) Handholds and fastenings;
(g) Floor landings;
(h) Guardrails;
(i) Lubrication;
(j) Safety switches;
(k) Warning signs and lights;
(l) Illumination;
(m) Drive pulley;
(n) Bottom (boot) pulley and clearance;
(o) Pulley supports;
(p) Motor;
(q) Drive mechanism;
(r) Brake;
(s) Electrical switches;
(t) Vibration and misalignment;
(u) “Skip” on up or down run when mounting the
step (indicating worn gears); and
(v) Emergency exit ladders.
(2) Inspection records. Inspection records shall be kept for
at least one year. The record of the most recent inspection shall
be posted in the vicinity of the manlift or in the terminal.
(3) Emergency stop. An emergency stop device shall be available
within easy reach from any position on the belt.
(4) Instructions. Manlift use instructions shall be conspicuously
posted.
(5) Top floor warning sign and light. An illuminated sign and
red light that are visible to the user shall be provided under
the top floor opening of the manlift to warn the user to get off
at that floor.
(6) Bottom floor warning sign. A sign visible to descending passengers
shall be provided to warn them to get off at the bottom floor.
(7) Upper limit stop. An automatic stop device shall be provided
to stop the manlift when a loaded step passes the top landing,
except that manlifts installed after October 3, 1983, shall have
two such devices.
(8) Handholds and steps. Each step shall be provided with a corresponding
handhold.
(9) Emergency ladder. A fixed emergency ladder accessible from
any position on the lift and meeting the requirements of WAC 296-56-60209
shall be provided for the entire run of the manlift.
(10) Landings.
(a) Clear and unobstructed landing spaces shall be provided
at each level. Manlifts constructed after October 3, 1983, that
have a distance of fifty feet (15.24 m) or more between floor
landings shall have an emergency landing every twenty-five feet
(7.62 m) or less of manlift travel.
(b) Open sides of emergency landings shall be protected by
guardrails.
(c) Floor landing entrances and exits shall be guarded by mazes,
self-closing gates, or equivalent protection.
(d) Landings shall be of sufficient size and strength to support
two hundred fifty pounds (1112 N).
(11) Floor opening guards. The ascending sides of manlift floor
openings shall be provided with cones or bevel guards to direct
the user through the openings.
(12) Maintenance. Manlifts shall be equipped, maintained, and
used in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications, which
shall be available at the terminal.
(13) Bottom pulley.
(a) The lower pulley shall be supported by the lowest landing.
(b) Sides of the bottom pulley support shall be guarded to
prevent contact with the pulley or the steps.
(14) Top clearance. A clearance of at least eleven feet (3.35
m) shall be provided between the top landing and the ceiling.
(15) Brakes. Manlifts shall be equipped with brakes that are:
(a) Self-engaging;
(b) Electrically released; and
(c) Capable of stopping and holding the manlift when the descending
side is loaded with the maximum rated load.
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