296-307-250 Walking working surfaces, elevated
walkways, and platforms.
296-307-25003 What definitions apply to this section?
296-307-25006 When may railings be omitted?
296-307-25009 What protection must an employer provide for floor openings?
296-307-25012 What protection must an employer provide for wall openings
and holes?
296-307-25015 What protection must an employer provide for open-sided
floors, platforms, and runways?
296-307-25018 What requirements apply to stairway railings and guards?
296-307-25021 How must a standard railing be constructed?
296-307-25024 How must a stair railing be constructed?
296-307-25027 What are the requirements for railing dimensions?
296-307-25030 What requirements apply to toeboards?
296-307-25033 How must handrails and railings be constructed?
296-307-25036 What materials may be used for floor opening covers?
296-307-25039 How must skylight screens be constructed and mounted?
296-307-25042 What protection must an employer provide for wall openings?
296-307-260 Fixed industrial stairs.
296-307-26003 What does this section cover?
296-307-26006 What definitions apply to this section?
296-307-26009 Where are fixed stairs required?
296-307-26012 Where are spiral stairs prohibited?
296-307-26015 How strong must fixed stairs be?
296-307-26018 How wide must fixed stairs be?
296-307-26021 What angles may stairways be installed at?
296-307-26024 What requirements apply to stair treads?
296-307-26027 What requirements apply to the length of stairways?
296-307-26030 What requirements apply to railings and handrails on
fixed stairs?
296-307-26033 What requirements apply to alternating tread-type stairs?
296-307-26036 What other requirements apply to fixed stairs?
296-307-270 Aerial manlift equipment.
296-307-27005 What requirements apply to aerial manlift equipment?
296-307-27010 What requirements apply to using aerial manlift equipment?
WAC 296-307-250 Walking
working surfaces, elevated walkways, and platforms.
“Floor hole” means an opening with the smallest dimension between
one and 12 inches, in any floor, platform, pavement, or yard, through
which materials may fall but not people. Examples are a belt hole, pipe
opening, or slot opening.
“Floor opening” means an opening with the smallest dimension of
12 inches or more, in any floor, platform, pavement, or yard, through
which people may fall. Examples are a hatchway, stair or ladder opening,
pit, or large manhole. Floor openings occupied by elevators, dumb waiters,
conveyors, machinery, or containers are excluded from this definition.
“Handrail” means a single bar or pipe supported on brackets from
a wall or partition to furnish persons with a handhold in case of tripping.
“Platform” means a working space for people that is elevated above
the surrounding floor or ground, such as a balcony or platform for the
operation of machinery and equipment.
“Runway” means a passageway used by people that is elevated above
the surrounding floor or ground level, such as a footwalk along shafting
or a walkway between buildings.
“Standard railing” means a vertical barrier along exposed edges
of a floor opening, wall opening, ramp, platform, or runway to prevent
people from falling.
“Standard strength and construction” means any construction of
railings, covers, or other guards that meets the requirements of this
section.
“Stair railing” means a vertical barrier along exposed sides of
a stairway to prevent people from falling.
“Toeboard” means a vertical barrier at floor level along exposed
edges of a floor opening, wall opening, platform, runway, or ramp to prevent
materials from falling.
“Wall hole” means an opening between one and 30 inches high, of
any width, in any wall or partition, such as a ventilation hole or drainage
scupper.
“Wall opening” means an opening at least 30 inches high and 18
inches wide, in any wall or partition, through which people may fall,
such as a yard-arm doorway or chute opening.
Railings may be omitted from sections of open-sided floors, platforms,
or walkways where guard rails impair operations, if railings are replaced
when they no longer impair operations.
WAC 296-307-25009
What protection must an employer provide for floor openings?
(1) Every stairway floor opening must be guarded by a standard railing
constructed according to this section. The railing must guard all exposed
sides (except the entrance to the stairway). Infrequently used stairways
where traffic across the opening prevents using a fixed standard railing
(as when located in aisle spaces, etc.), may use an alternate guarding
method. In these cases, the guard must have a hinged floor opening cover
of standard strength and construction and removable standard railings
on all exposed sides (except at the entrance to the stairway).
(2) Every ladderway floor opening or platform must be guarded by a standard
railing with standard toeboard on all exposed sides (except at the entrance
to the opening). The passage through the railing must have either a swinging
gate or offset so that a person cannot walk directly into the opening.
(3) Every hatchway and chute floor opening must be guarded by one of
the following:
(a) A hinged floor opening cover of standard strength and construction
with standard railings, or a permanent cover with only one side exposed.
When the opening is not in use, the cover must be closed or the exposed
side must be guarded at both the top and middle by removable standard
railings.
(b) A removable railing with toeboard on a maximum of two sides of
the opening and with fixed standard railings and toeboards on all other
exposed sides. The removable railings must be kept in place when the
opening is not in use and should be hinged or mounted to be easily replaced.
(4) When employees must feed material into any hatchway or chute opening,
you must provide protection to prevent people from falling through the
opening.
(5) When practical, the area under floor openings must be fenced off.
Otherwise, the area must be plainly marked with yellow lines and telltales
hanging within 5-1/2 feet of the ground or floor level.
(6) Where floor openings are used to drop materials from one level to
another, audible warning systems must be installed and used to indicate
to employees on the lower level when material is dropped.
(7) Every skylight opening and hole must be guarded by a standard skylight
screen or a fixed standard railing on all exposed sides.
(8) Every infrequently used pit and trapdoor floor opening must be guarded
by a floor opening cover of standard strength and construction that should
be hinged in place. When the cover is not in place, the pit or trap opening
must be constantly attended or protected on all exposed sides by removable
standard railings.
(9) Every manhole floor opening must be guarded by a standard manhole
cover. The manhole cover may be left unhinged. When the cover is removed,
the manhole opening must be constantly attended or protected by removable
standard railings.
(10) Every temporary floor opening must have standard railings or must
be constantly attended.
(11) Every floor hole that people can accidentally walk into must be
guarded by either:
(a) A standard railing with standard toeboard on all exposed sides;
or
(b) A floor hole cover of standard strength and construction that should
be hinged in place. While the cover is not in place, the floor hole
must be constantly attended or protected by a removable standard railing.
(12) Every floor hole surrounded by fixed machinery, equipment, or walls
that prevent people from walking into it, must be protected by a cover
that leaves openings a maximum of one inch wide. The cover must be securely
held in place to prevent tools or materials from falling through.
(13) Where doors or gates open directly on a stairway, a platform must
be provided so that the swing of the door does not reduce the platform
width to less than 20 inches.
WAC 296-307-25012
What protection must an employer provide for wall openings and holes?
(1) Every wall opening from which there is a drop of more than 4 feet
must be guarded by one of the following:
(a) A rail, roller, picket fence, half door, or equivalent barrier.
The guard may be removable but should be hinged or mounted so it can
be easily replaced. When employees working below the opening are exposed
to falling materials, a removable toeboard or the equivalent must also
be provided. When the opening is unused, the guard must be kept in position
even with a door on the opening. In addition, a grab handle must be
provided on each side of the opening with its center approximately 4
feet above floor level and of standard strength and mounting.
(b) An extension platform onto which materials can be hoisted for handling,
and that has side rails or equivalent guards of standard specifications.
(2) Every chute wall opening from which there is a drop of more than
4 feet must be guarded according to subsection (1) of this section or
as required by the conditions.
(3) Every window wall opening at a stairway landing, floor, platform,
or balcony, from which there is a drop of more than 4 feet, and
where the bottom of the opening is less than 3 feet above the
platform or landing, must be guarded by standard slats, standard
grillwork according to WAC
296-307-25042(3), or a standard railing.
Where the window opening is below the landing, or platform, a standard
toeboard must be provided.
(4) Every temporary wall opening must have adequate guards that may be
of less than standard construction.
(5) Where there is a hazard of materials falling through a wall hole,
and the lower edge of the near side of the hole is less than 4
inches above the floor, and the far side of the hole is more than
5 feet above the next lower level, the hole must be protected
by a standard toeboard or a solid enclosing screen, or according
to WAC
296-307-25042(3).
WAC 296-307-25015
What protection must an employer provide for open-sided floors, platforms,
and runways?
(1) Every open-sided floor or platform 4 feet or more above an adjacent
floor or ground level must be guarded by a standard railing (or
the equivalent according to WAC
296-307-25027 on all open sides, except where there is an
entrance to a ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder. The railing must
have a toeboard wherever, beneath the open sides:
(a) A person can pass; or
(b) There is moving machinery; or
(c) Materials falling onto equipment would create a hazard.
(2) Every runway must be guarded by a standard railing (or the equivalent
according to WAC
296-307-25027) on all open sides that are 4 feet or more above
floor or ground level. Wherever tools, machine parts, or materials
are likely to be used on the runway, a toeboard must also be provided
on each exposed side.
Runways used exclusively for special purposes (such as oiling, shafting,
or filling tank cars) may have the railing on one side omitted when operating
conditions require, if the hazard is minimized by using a runway at least
18 inches wide. Where people entering runways become exposed to machinery,
electrical equipment, or hazards other than from falling, additional guarding
may be necessary.
(3) Regardless of height, all open-sided floors, walkways, platforms,
or runways above or adjacent to dangerous equipment, pickling or galvanizing
tanks, degreasing units, or similar hazardous equipment, must be guarded
with a standard railing and toeboard.
(4) Tools and loose materials must not be left on overhead platforms
and scaffolds.
WAC 296-307-25018
What requirements apply to stairway railings and guards?
(1) Every flight of stairs having four or more risers must have standard
stair railings or standard handrails as follows (stairway widths measured
clear of all obstructions except handrails):
(a) Stairways less than 44 inches wide with both sides enclosed
must have at least one handrail, preferably on the right side
descending.
(b) Stairways less than 44 inches wide with one side open must
have at least one stair railing on the open side.
(c) Stairways less than 44 inches wide with both sides open
must have one stair railing on each side.
(d) Stairways more than 44 inches wide but less than 88 inches
wide must have one handrail on each enclosed side and one stair
railing on each open side.
(e) Stairways 88 or more inches wide must have one handrail
on each enclosed side, one stair railing on each open side,
and one intermediate stair railing at the approximate middle.
Exception: Vehicle service pit stairways
are exempt from this requirement if hand or stair rails would
prevent vehicle movement into position over the pit.
(2) Winding stairs must have a handrail that prevents walking on all
portions of the treads that are less than 6 inches wide.
(3) Nonindustrial and “monumental” steps are exempt from the requirements
of this section. However, public and private building steps at loading
or receiving docks, in maintenance areas, etc., and stairs used exclusively
by employees, must meet the requirements of this section.
A standard railing must meet the following requirements:
(1) The railing has a top rail, intermediate rail, and posts.
(2) The railing height is between thirty-six and forty-two inches nominal
from the upper surface of the top rail to the floor, platform, runway,
or ramp level.
(3) The top rail is smooth.
(4) The intermediate rail is approximately halfway between the top rail
and the floor, platform, runway, or ramp.
(5) The ends of the rails do not overhang the terminal posts except where
the overhang does not create a hazard.
(6) Guardrails taller than 42 inches are constructed so they do not create
a hazard. Additional mid-rails are installed so that openings beneath
the top rail prevent a spherical object with a 19-inch or larger diameter
from falling through.
A stair railing must be constructed similar to a standard railing. The
stair railing must be between 34 and 30 inches tall measured from the
top of the top rail to the tread surface meeting the face of the riser
at the forward edge of the tread.
Standard railings must meet the following requirements:
(1) For wood railings:
(a) The posts are of at least two inch by four inch nominal stock spaced
six feet apart or less; and
(b) The top and intermediate rails are of at least two inch by four
inch nominal stock.
(c) If the top rail is made of two right-angle pieces of 1-inch by
4-inch stock, posts are spaced on 8-foot centers, with 2-inch by 4-inch
intermediate rail.
(2) For pipe railings:
(a) The posts and top and intermediate railings are at least 1-1/2
inches nominal diameter (outside diameter); and
(b) The posts are spaced on centers of eight feet or less.
(3) For structural steel railings:
(a) The posts and top and intermediate rails are of 2-inch by 2-inch
by 3/8-inch angles or other metal shapes of equivalent bending strength;
and
(b) The posts are spaced on centers of eight feet or less.
(4) Post anchors and framing parts for all railings are constructed so
that the completed structure can withstand a load of at least two hundred
pounds applied in any direction at any point on the top rail.
(5) Other types, sizes, and arrangements of railing construction that
meet the following requirements are acceptable:
(a) The top rail is smooth;
(b) The top rail is between thirty-six and forty-two inches
nominal above the floor, platform, runway, or ramp level;
(c) The railing is strong enough to withstand two hundred pounds
of pressure on the top rail;
(d) The railing provides protection between the top rail and
the floor, platform, runway, ramp, or stair treads, equivalent
to that of a standard intermediate rail;
(e) There are no overhanging rail ends unless the overhang
does not create a hazard; such as baluster railings, scrollwork
railings, or paneled railings.
Note: The dimensions specified are based
on the U.S. Department of Agriculture Wood Handbook, No. 72, 1955
(No. 1 (S4S) Southern Yellow Pine (Modulus of Rupture 7,400 psi))
for wood; ANSI G 41.5-1970, American National Standard Specifications
for Structural Steel, for structural steel; and ANSI B 125.1-1970,
American National Standard Specifications for Welded and Steamless
Steel Pipe, for pipe.
(1) Standard toeboard height is at least four inches nominal from its
top edge to the level of the floor, platform, runway, or ramp. The toeboard
must be securely fastened in place and with a maximum of 1/4 inch clearance
above floor level. It must be made of any substantial material that is
either solid or with openings that are a maximum of one inch in diameter.
(2) Where material is piled high enough that a standard toeboard does
not provide protection, paneling from the floor to the intermediate rail,
or to the top rail, must be provided.
(1) A handrail must have a horizontal part mounted directly on a wall
or partition by brackets attached to the lower side of the handrail. The
brackets must be attached to ensure that there is a smooth surface along
the top and both sides of the handrail. The handrail must be rounded or
otherwise provide an adequate handhold for anyone grasping it to avoid
falling. The ends of the handrail should be turned in to the supporting
wall or arranged to prevent a projection hazard.
(2) Handrails must be a maximum of thirty-four inches high and at least
thirty inches from the upper surface of the handrail to the surface of
the tread in line with the face of the riser or to the surface of the
ramp.
(3) The size of handrails must be:
(a) For hardwood, at least two inches in diameter.
(b) For metal pipe, at least 1-1/2 inches in diameter.
(4) Brackets must be spaced a maximum of eight feet apart.
(5) Handrail mounting must be strong enough to withstand a load of at
least two hundred pounds applied in any direction at any point on the
rail.
(6) All handrails and railings shall have a clearance of at least 1-1/2
inches between the handrail or railing and the wall or any other object.
WAC 296-307-25036
What materials may be used for floor opening covers?
Floor opening covers must be made of any material that meets the following
strength requirements:
(1) Trench or conduit covers and their supports, when located in plant
roadways, must be designed to carry a truck rear-axle load of at least
20,000 pounds.
(2) Manhole covers and their supports, when located in plant roadways,
must meet local standard highway requirements if any; otherwise, they
must be designed to carry a truck rear-axle of at least 20,000 pounds.
(3) Other floor opening covers must be made of any material that can
carry a truck rear-axle load of at least 20,000 pounds. Covers may project
a maximum of one inch above the floor level if all edges are chamfered
to a maximum angle with the horizontal of thirty degrees. All hinges,
handles, bolts, or other parts must set flush with the floor or cover
surface.
WAC 296-307-25039
How must skylight screens be constructed and mounted?
Skylight screens must be constructed and mounted to withstand a load
of at least two hundred pounds applied perpendicularly anywhere on the
screen. Skylight screen must be constructed and mounted so that, under
ordinary loads or impacts, they will not deflect downward enough to break
the glass below them. They must be constructed of grillwork with openings
a maximum of four inches long or of slatwork with openings a maximum of
two inches wide and any length.
WAC 296-307-25042
What protection must an employer provide for wall openings?
(1) Wall opening barriers (rails, rollers, picket fences, and half doors)
must be constructed and mounted, to withstand a load of at least two hundred
pounds applied in any direction (except upward) at any point on the top
rail.
(2) Wall opening grab handles must be at least twelve inches long and
must be mounted to give 1-1/2 inches clearance from the side framing of
the wall opening. The size, material, and anchoring of the grab handle
must form a structure that can withstand a load of at least two hundred
pounds applied in any direction at any point of the handle.
(3) Wall opening screens must be constructed and mounted to withstand
a load of at least two hundred pounds applied horizontally anywhere on
the near side of the screen. They must be of solid construction, of grillwork
with openings a maximum of four inches long, or of slatwork with openings
a maximum of two inches wide and any length.
WAC
296-307-260 covers the safe design and construction of fixed
general industrial stairs. Fixed general industrial stairs includes
interior and exterior stairs around machinery, tanks, and other
equipment, and stairs leading to or from floors, platforms, or
pits.
This section does not apply to stairs used for fire exits, to construction
operations, to private buildings or residences, or to articulated stairs
that are installed on floating roof tanks or on dock facilities, where
the angle changes with the rise and fall of the base support.
Stairs of public and private buildings at loading or receiving docks,
in maintenance areas, etc., or stairs that are used exclusively by employees,
are considered “fixed industrial steps” and must meet these requirements.
“Nose or nosing” means the part of a tread projecting beyond the
face of the riser immediately below.
“Open riser” means the air space between the treads of stairways
without risers.
“Platform” means an extended step or landing breaking a continuous
run of stairs.
“Railing” means a vertical barrier erected along exposed sides
of stairways and platforms to prevent people from falling. The top part
of the railing usually serves as a handrail.
“Rise” means the vertical distance from the top of a tread to
the top of the next higher tread.
“Riser” means the upright part of a step at the back of a lower
tread and near the leading edge of the next higher tread.
“Stairs or stairway” means a series of steps. A series of steps
and landings having three or more risers constitutes stairs or a stairway.
“Tread” means the horizontal part of a step.
“Tread run” means the horizontal distance from the leading edge
of a tread to the leading edge of an adjacent tread.
“Tread width” means the horizontal distance from front to back
of tread, including nosing.
WAC 296-307-26009
Where are fixed stairs required? Fixed stairs must be provided for:
(1) Employee access from one structure level to another where operations
require regular travel between levels.
(2) Employee access to operating platforms on any equipment that requires
regular attention during operations.
(3) Employees that need daily access to elevations, or access at each
shift, for purposes such as gauging, inspection, regular maintenance,
etc., where:
(a) The work may expose employees to acids, caustics, gases,
or other harmful substances; or
(b) Employees must normally carry tools or equipment by hand.
Note: This section does not prohibit the
use of fixed ladders for access to elevated tanks, towers, and
similar structures, overhead traveling cranes, etc., where the
use of fixed ladders is common practice.
Spiral stairways are prohibited except for special limited use and secondary
access when a conventional stairway is not practical. Winding stairways
may be installed on tanks and similar round structures where the diameter
of the structure is a minimum of five feet.
Fixed stairways must be designed and constructed to carry a load of
five times the normal live load anticipated, and must be at least strong
enough to carry safely a moving concentrated load of 1,000 pounds.
(1) Fixed stairs must be installed at angles to the horizontal of between
thirty and fifty degrees. Any uniform combination of rise/tread dimensions
may be used that will provide a stairway at an angle within the permissible
range.
The following table lists examples of rise/tread dimensions that will
produce a stairway within the permissible range. Rise/tread combinations
are not limited to those in the table.
Angle to
Horizontal
Rise in
(inches)
Tread Run
in (inches)
30°35'
6 1/2
11
32°08'
6 3/4
10 3/4
33°41'
7
10 1/2
35°16'
7 1/4
10 1/4
36°52'
7 1/2
10
38°29'
7 3/4
9 3/4
40°08'
8
9 1/2
41°44'
8 1/4
9 1/4
43°22'
8 1/2
9
45°00'
8 3/4
8 3/4
46°38'
9
8 1/2
48°16'
9 1/4
8 1/4
49°54'
9 1/2
8
(2) A permanent stairway may be installed at an angle above the fifty
degree critical angle when space limitations require. Such installations
(commonly called inclined ladders or ship's ladders) must have handrails
on both sides and open risers. They must be capable of sustaining a live
load of one hundred pounds per square foot with a safety factor of four.
The following preferred and critical angles from the horizontal are recommended
for inclined ladders and ship's ladders:
(a) 35 to 60 degrees-Preferred angle from horizontal.
(b) 60 to 70 degrees-Critical angle from horizontal.
(1) When risers are used, each tread and the top landing of a stairway
should have a nose extending 1/2 to one inch beyond the face of the lower
riser.
(2) Noses should have an even leading edge.
(3) All treads must be reasonably slip-resistant and the nosings must
be of nonslip finish. Welded bar grating treads without nosings are acceptable
if the leading edge can easily be identified by employees descending the
stairway and the tread is serrated or is nonslip.
(4) Rise height and tread width must be uniform throughout any flight
of stairs including any foundation structure used as one or more treads
of the stairs.
WAC 296-307-26027
What requirements apply to the length of stairways?
Long flights of stairs, unbroken by landings or intermediate platforms,
should be avoided. You should consider providing intermediate platforms
where practical and for frequently used stairways. Stairway platforms
must be at least as wide as the stairway and at least 30 inches long,
measured in the direction of travel.
WAC 296-307-26030
What requirements apply to railings and handrails on fixed stairs?
Standard railings must be provided on the open sides of all exposed
stairways and stair platforms. Handrails must be provided on at
least one side of closed stairways, preferably on the right side
descending. Stair railings and handrails must be installed according
to WAC
296-307-250.
WAC 296-307-26033
What requirements apply to alternating tread-type stairs?
“Alternating tread-type stairs” means stairs with a series of
steps between 50 and 70 degrees from horizontal, attached to a center
support rail in an alternating manner so that a user of the stairs never
has both feet at the same level at the same time.
(1) Alternating tread-type stairs must be designed, installed, used,
and maintained according to the manufacturer's specifications, and must
have the following:
(a) Stair rails on all open sides;
(b) Handrails on both sides of enclosed stairs;
(c) Stair rails and handrails that provide an adequate handhold for
a user grasping it to avoid a fall;
(d) A minimum of 17 inches between handrails;
(e) A minimum width of 22 inches overall;
(f) A minimum tread depth of 8 inches;
(g) A minimum tread width of 7 inches; and
(h) A maximum rise of 9 1/2 inches to the tread surface of the next
alternating tread.
(2) Alternating tread-type stairs must have a maximum 20-foot continuous
rise. Where more than a 20-foot rise is necessary to reach the
top of a required stair, one or more intermediate platforms must
be provided according to WAC
296-307-26027.
(3) Stairs and platforms must be installed so the top landing of the
alternating tread stair is flush with the top of the landing platform.
(4) Stair design and construction must sustain a load of at least five
times the normal live load, and be at least strong enough to carry safely
a moving concentrated load of 1,000 pounds.
(5) Treads must have slip-resistant surfaces.
(6) Where a platform or landing is used, the width must be at least as
wide as the stair and at least 30-inches deep in the direction of travel.
Stairs must be flush with the top of the landing platform.
WAC 296-307-27005
What requirements apply to aerial manlift equipment?
(1) We will accept safety factor test data on working or structural components
from one of the following as evidence that a manlift meets minimum safety
requirements:
(a) The manufacturer;
(b) A competent testing laboratory;
(c) A registered engineering firm; or
(d) A registered engineer.
If, after use, it appears doubtful whether this equipment will meet
the above requirements, we may require that tests be conducted, and
we may order that you make corrections.
(2) All aerial manlifts must have working brake systems.
(3) Automatic apertures must be installed in the hydraulic systems of
aerial manlifts to maintain the boom in position in case any part of the
hydraulic pressure system fails.
(4) Controls must be guarded by partial enclosures to minimize accidental
contact.
(5) The manufacturer's recommended maximum load limit must be posted
conspicuously near the controls and must be kept in a legible condition.
(6) All critical hydraulic and pneumatic components must meet the provisions
of ANSI A92.2-1969, Section 4.9 Bursting Safety Factor. Critical components
are those which, in case of failure, would cause a free fall or free rotation
of the boom. All noncritical components must have a bursting safety factor
of at least two to one.
WAC 296-307-27010
What requirements apply to using aerial manlift equipment?
(1) The manufacturer's instructional manual, if any, must be used to
establish the proper operational sequences and maintenance procedures.
If there is no manual, you must develop instructions. The instructions
must be available for reference by operators.
(2) The assigned operator must make a daily visual inspection and perform
the tests recommended by the manufacturer.
(3) Only employees qualified by training or experience may operate aerial
manlifts.
(4) Employees must report defective aerial manlift equipment to you as
soon as identified. Using defective equipment is prohibited when the defect
may cause an accident.
(5) When moving to and from the job site, the basket of the manlift must
be in the low position.
(6) Unsafe practices are prohibited, such as, sitting or standing on
the basket edge, standing on material placed across the basket, or working
from a ladder set inside the basket.
(7) The basket must not be rested on a fixed object so that the weight
of the boom is supported by the basket.
(8) The employee and the aerial manlift equipment must maintain distance
from high voltage lines according to WAC
296-307-150.
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