Note: The powered platform requirements for the
general and construction industries have been moved to chapter
296-870 WAC, Powered Platforms.
WAC
296-155-487 Manually propelled elevating work platforms.
(1) All applicable rules for design, construction, maintenance,
operation, testing and use of manually propelled elevating work
platforms shall be in accordance with ANSI A92.3-1990.
(2) General requirements.
(a) Any manually propelled elevating work platform, when raised
to its maximum working height, on level ground, shall be capable
of sustaining, without reaching instability, a minimum horizontal
test force of fifty pounds or fifteen percent of the rated capacity,
whichever is greater, applied to any point on the perimeter
of the platform while the platform is carrying the rated work
load.
(b) Any manually propelled elevating work platform, unless
designed for such use by the manufacturer, shall not be used
on an inclined surface.
(c) Any work platform designed by the manufacturer to be operated
on an inclined surface shall also be capable of passing the
stability tests outlined in (a) of this subsection while on
such a surface. Procedures for maintaining stability shall be
clearly outlined in the special warnings section of the operating
instructions and users shall follow these instructions.
(d) If outriggers or stabilizers must be employed to meet the
tests for stability outlined in (a) of this subsection, the
operating instructions shall require their use and such outriggers
or stabilizers shall be provided and used.
(e) The platform width shall not be less than eighteen inches
and shall be provided with a surface to minimize slipping.
f) The platform shall be provided with a guardrail or other
structure around its upper periphery and the guardrail shall
be approximately forty-two inches high, plus or minus three
inches, with a midrail approximately midway between the top
rail and the platform surface.
(i) The guardrail system shall be designed and constructed
to withstand a load of twenty-five pounds per linear foot
applied in a horizontal direction to the top rail or midrail.
(ii) The top rail or midrail shall withstand a concentrated
load of three hundred pounds applied vertically to the top
of either rail midway between the supporting posts.
(iii) Guardrail terminal posts shall withstand two hundred
pounds applied in any direction at the top of the post.
(g) The platform shall be provided with four-inch (nominal
dimension) toeboards on all sides.
(h) Toeboards may be omitted at the access openings.
(i) The configuration of the work platform shall include access
for personnel to use in reaching the platform deck when it is
in the lowered position.
(i) Any access system used in this way shall have rungs or
steps located on uniform centers not to exceed sixteen inches.
(ii) Steps or rungs shall be provided with a face that minimizes
slipping.
(3) Safety factor specifications.
(a) Where the platform is supporting its rated work load by
a system of wire ropes or chains, or both, the safety factor
of the wire rope or chain shall not be less than eight to one,
based on ultimate strength.
(b) All critical components of a hydraulic or pneumatic system
used in a work platform shall have a bursting strength that
exceeds the pressure attained when the system is subjected to
the equivalent of four times the rated work load. (Critical
components are those in which failure would result in a free
descent.)
(c) All noncritical hydraulic components shall have a bursting
strength safety factor of at least two to one.
(4) Fail safe requirements.
(a) Where the elevation of the platform is accomplished by
an electromechanical assembly, the system shall be designed
to prevent free descent in the event of a generator or power
failure.
(b) Where the elevation of the platform is accomplished by
a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder assembly, the system shall
be so equipped as to prevent free descent in the event of failure
of a hydraulic or pneumatic line.
(c) Where the platform is horizontally extendable beyond the
base of the machine, the system shall be so equipped as to prevent
descent in the event of failure of a hydraulic or pneumatic
line, wire rope, or chain.
(d) Where the elevation of the platform is accomplished by
a single hoist cable, the system shall be protected by a broken-cable
safety device which will prevent free descent of the platform.
(e) Where the elevation of the platform is accomplished by
a manual-mechanical or manual-hydraulic assembly, the considerations
established above shall apply.
(f) The control system shall be designed so that a single malfunction
in the control system will not result in unintended machine
motion.
(g) Hydraulically or pneumatically actuated outriggers or stabilizers,
or both, shall be so constructed as to prevent their retraction
in the event of failure of a hydraulic or pneumatic line.
(5) Emergency lowering means. Any work platform equipped with
a powered elevating assembly shall be supplied with clearly marked
emergency lowering means readily accessible from ground or floor
level.
(a) All directional controls shall be marked for the direction
they control and shall be of the type which automatically returns
to the “off” or the neutral position when released.
(b) Controls shall be protected against inadvertent operation.
(8) Motor requirements.
(a) Fuel lines of internal-combustion-engine-powered work platforms
shall be supported to minimize chafing and positioned to minimize
exposure to engine exhaust heat. Liquid fuel lines shall be
hard lines except where isolation from vibration requires a
flexible connection.
(b) LP-gas engine fuel systems shall comply with the American
National Standard for Storage and Handling of Liquified Petroleum
Gases, ANSI/NFPA 58-1995.
(c) The exhaust system shall be provided with a muffler that
is positioned to minimize exposure to noise and exhaust gas
of the operators and personnel located in proximity to the unit.
(9) Prevention of lateral movement. Each work platform shall
be provided with locking screws, floor locks, wheel-locking mechanisms,
or other means of preventing unintended lateral motions while
in use.
(10) Specifications display. The following information shall
be displayed on all work platforms in as permanent and as visible
a manner as practical:
(a) Warnings, cautions, or restrictions for safe operation
in accordance with American National Standard Specifications
for Accident Prevention Signs, ANSI Z535.2-1991.
(b) Make, model, serial number, and manufacturer's name and
address.
(c) Rated work load.
(d) Maximum platform height.
(e) Nominal voltage rating of batteries or rated voltage of
AC line.
(f) Statement of the need for the operator's familiarity with
the work platform before it is used.
(11) Alternative configuration statement. When a work platform
is designed with alternative configurations:
(a) The manufacturer shall clearly describe these alternatives,
including the rated capacity in each situation.
(b) If the rated work load of a platform is the same in any
designed configuration, these additional descriptions are not
necessary.
(12) Insulation marking. A statement of whether or not the work
platform is electrically insulated. If insulated, the level of
protection and the applicable test standard shall be stated in
accordance with ANSI A92.2-1990.
(13) Maintenance and operating manuals requirement. An operating
and maintenance manual(s) shall be provided with each work platform
and shall contain:
(a) Descriptions, specifications, and ratings of the work platform,
including the data specified in subsection (10) of this section.
(b) The maximum hydraulic and pneumatic systems pressure and
the maximum voltage of the electrical systems which are part
of the work platform.
(c) Instructions regarding operation and maintenance.
(d) Replacement part(s) information.
(14) Rated load display. The rated work load shall be clearly
displayed at each entrance to the work platform.
(15) Management responsibilities.
(a) Employers responsibilities shall be in accordance with
ANSI A92.3-1990.
(b) Only trained and authorized personnel shall be permitted
to operate the work platform.
(c) Work platforms that are not in safe operating condition
shall be removed from service until repaired.
(d) Repairs shall be made by a qualified person in conformance
with the manufacturer's operating and maintenance manuals.
(e) Operators shall be trained in care and use before operation,
care and use during operation, horizontal relocation, and additional
requirements as specified in ANSI A92.3-1990.
(f) Modifications or alterations of work platforms shall be
made only with written permission of the manufacturer or any
other equivalent entity.
(1) All applicable rules for design, construction, maintenance,
operation, testing and use of self propelled elevating work platforms
shall be in accordance with ANSI A92.6-1990.
(2) Minimum rated work load.
(a) The minimum rated work load of work platforms shall not
be less than two hundred fifty pounds.
(b) All structural load-supporting elements of the work platform
shall have a structural safety factor of not less than two based
on the minimum yield strength of the material.
(c) All structural load-supporting elements of the work platform
that are made of nonductile material (such as cast iron and
fiberglass) shall have a structural safety factor of not less
than five based on the minimum ultimate strength of the material.
(d) Design and stability tests shall be in accordance with
ANSI A92.6-1990.
(e) Each production unit on level ground shall sustain a load
test with a platform load at least one hundred fifty percent
of the rated capacity imposed. The test shall include the movement
of the platform through its entire range of motion.
(3) Driving interlock.
(a) The unit shall use interlock means that will prevent driving
the unit unless the platform height, platform configuration,
or any combination of these, are adjusted to meet the stability
test requirements.
(b) A work platform limited in driveable height by the interlock
means may be elevated and used while stationary up to the maximum
platform heights at which it will maintain stability during
the following static test. At the maximum platform height, on
level ground, with the platform carrying the rated work load,
apply a horizontal test force of one hundred fifty pounds or
fifteen percent of the rated platform load (whichever is greater)
at the point on the perimeter of the platform most likely to
cause overturning.
(4) Platform outrigger interlocks. Where outriggers, stabilizers,
or extendable axles are required to meet the side load test, interlocks
shall prevent the platform from being raised above the height
at which these devices are required unless the required devices
are extended. Interlocks shall also prevent the retraction of
these devices while the platform is above that level.
(5) Platform requirement.
(a) A guardrail or other structure shall be provided around
its upper periphery, which shall be approximately forty-two
inches plus or minus three inches in height, a midrail, and
toeboards which shall be not less than four inches high (nominal
dimension). Guardrail and midrail chains, or the equivalent,
may be substituted across an access opening. Toeboards may be
omitted at the access opening.
(b) The work platform shall have a minimum width of eighteen
inches. Proper access shall be provided for personnel to use
in reaching the platform deck when it is in the lowered position.
(c) A floor surface shall be provided for both the platform
and the access that will minimize slipping.
(6) System safety factors.
(a) When the platform supports its rated work load by a system
of wire ropes or chains, or both, the safety factor of the wire
rope or chains shall not be less than eight to one, based on
ultimate strength.
(b) All critical hydraulic components, all pneumatic components,
and all hoses of hydraulic or pneumatic systems shall have a
minimum bursting strength of at least four times the operating
pressure for which the system is designed.
(c) Noncritical hydraulic components shall have a minimum bursting
strength of at least twice the operating pressure for which
the system is designed.
(7) Safety design requirements.
(a) Where the elevation of the platform is accomplished by
an electromechanical assembly, the system shall be designed
to prevent free descent in the event of a generator or power
failure.
(b) Where the elevation of the platform is accomplished by
a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder assembly, the system shall
be so equipped as to prevent free descent in the event of a
hydraulic or pneumatic line failure.
(c) Where the platform is horizontally extendable beyond the
base of the machine, the system shall be so equipped as to prevent
descent in the event of a hydraulic or pneumatic line failure.
(d) Where the elevation of the platform is accomplished by
a single hoist cable, the system shall be protected by a broken-cable
safety device that will prevent free descent of the platform.
(e) In addition to the primary operator controls, the work
platform shall be equipped with an emergency stop device located
at the primary control station that will deactivate all powered
functions.
(f) Hydraulically or pneumatically actuated outriggers or stabilizers,
or both, shall be designed to prevent their retraction in the
event of a hydraulic or pneumatic line failure.
(g) Any work platform equipped with a powered elevating assembly
shall be supplied with clearly marked emergency lowering means
readily accessible from ground level.
(a) Directional controls shall move in the direction of the
function they control. The controls shall be of the type that
automatically return to the off or the neutral position when
released.
(b) Such controls shall be protected against inadvertent operation
and shall be clearly marked.
(9) Engine requirement.
(a) Fuel lines of internal-combustion-engine-powered work platforms
shall be supported to keep chafing to a minimum. They shall
be located to keep exposure to engine and exhaust heat to a
minimum.
(b) Liquid fuel lines shall be hard except where flexible connections
are required for isolation from vibration.
(c) LP gas fuel systems shall use flexible LP gas hose or hard
lines.
(d) Exhaust lines shall be equipped with mufflers. The lines
shall be located to minimize the exposure of noise and fumes
to operators and personnel near the units.
(10) Each work platform shall be equipped with a mechanical parking
brake, which will hold the unit on any slope it is capable of
climbing. Wheel chocks shall be installed before using an aerial
lift on an incline, provided they can be safely installed.
(11) Specifications display. The following information shall
be displayed on all work platforms in a clearly visible, accessible
area and in as permanent a manner as possible:
(a) Warnings, cautions, or restrictions for safe operation
in accordance with ANSI Z535.2-1991.
(b) Make, model, serial number, and manufacturer's name and
address.
(c) Rated work load.
(d) Maximum platform height.
(e) Nominal voltage of the batteries if battery powered.
(f) A notice to study the operating/maintenance manual before
using the equipment.
(g) Alternative configuration statement. If a work platform
is susceptible to several alternative configurations, then the
manufacturer shall clearly describe these alternatives, including
the rated capacity in each situation. If the rated work load
of a work platform is the same in any configuration, these additional
descriptions are not necessary.
(h) A clear statement of whether or not the platform and its
enclosure are electrically insulated. If insulated, the level
of protection and the applicable test standard shall be stated,
in accordance with ANSI 92.2-1990.
(i) The rated work load shall be clearly displayed at each
entrance to the platform.
(12) Lift manual requirement. Each work platform shall be provided
with an appropriate manual. The manual shall contain:
(a) Descriptions, specifications, and ratings of the work platform,
including the data specified in subsection (11)(h) and (i) of
this section.
(b) The maximum system pressure and the maximum voltage of
the electrical systems that are part of the work platform.
(c) Instructions regarding operation, maintenance, and weld
specifications.
(d) Replacement parts information.
(13) Inspection and maintenance.
(a) Each work platform shall be inspected, maintained, repaired
and kept in proper working order in accordance with the manufacturer's
maintenance and repair manuals.
(b) Any work platform not in safe operating condition shall
be removed from service until it is repaired.
(c) All repairs shall be made by a qualified service person
in conformance with the manufacturer's maintenance and repair
manuals.
(14) Operator requirements. Only trained and authorized personnel
shall be permitted to operate the work platform. Before using
the work platform, the operator shall:
(a) Read and understand the manufacturer's operating instructions
and safety rules, and be trained by a qualified person on the
contents of the manufacturer's instructions and safety rules.
(b) Read and understand all decals, warnings, and instructions
on the work platform.
(c) On a daily basis, before the work platform is used, it
shall be given a thorough inspection, which shall include:
(i) Inspection for defects such as cracked welds, hydraulic
leaks, damaged control cable, loose wire connections, and
tire damage.
(ii) Inspection of functional controls for proper operation.
(d) Any suspect items discovered through inspection shall be
carefully examined and a determination made by a qualified service
person as to whether they constitute a safety hazard. All unsafe
items shall be corrected before further use of the work platform.
(e) Before the work platform is used, the operator shall survey
the area for hazards such as:
(i) Untamped earth fills.
(ii) Ditches.
(iii) Dropoffs or holes.
(iv) Bumps and floor obstructions.
(v) Debris.
(vi) Overhead obstructions and high-voltage conductors.
(vii) Other possible hazardous conditions.
(15) Requirement for operations. The work platform shall be used
only in accordance with the Manufacturer's Operating Instructions
and Safety Rules, ANSI A92.6-1990, and this standard.
(a) Only trained and authorized personnel shall be permitted
to operate the work platform.
(b) Before each elevation of the work platform, the operator
shall:
(i) Check for overhead obstructions and high-voltage conductors.
A minimum distance of ten feet from energized high-voltage
conductors shall be maintained at all times between the conductors
and the operator and platform equipment.
(ii) Ensure that the work platform is elevated only on a
firm and level surface.
(iii) Ensure that the load and its distribution on the platform
are in accordance with the manufacturer's rated capacity.
The manufacturer's recommended load limits shall never be
exceeded.
(iv) Ensure that outriggers and stabilizers are used if the
manufacturer's instructions require their use.
(v) Ensure that guardrails are properly installed, and gates
or openings are closed.
(c) Before and during driving while the platform is elevated,
the operator shall:
(i) Be required to look in the direction of, and keep a clear
view of, the path of travel and assure that the path of travel
is firm and level.
(ii) Maintain a safe distance from obstacles, debris, dropoffs,
holes, depressions, ramps, or other hazards to safe elevated
travel.
(iii) Maintain a safe distance from overhead obstacles.
(d) The operator shall limit travel speed according to conditions.
Conditions to be observed are: Ground surface, congestion, slope,
location of personnel, and other factors that may create a hazard
of collision or injury to personnel.
(e) Stunt driving and horseplay shall not be permitted.
(f) Personnel shall maintain a firm footing on the platform
while working thereon unless they are secured by safety harness
and lanyard devices fixed to manufacturer-approved hard points.
Use of railings or planks, ladders or any other device on the
work platform for achieving additional height shall be prohibited.
(g) The operator shall immediately report defects or malfunctions
which become evident during operation and shall stop use of
the work platform until correction has been made.
(h) Altering or disabling of safety devices or interlocks shall
be prohibited.
(i) Care shall be taken to prevent ropes, electric cords, hoses,
etc., from tangling with the work platform when the platform
is being elevated, lowered, or moved.
(j) Work platform rated capacities shall not be exceeded when
loads are transferred to the platform at elevated heights.
(k) The operator shall ensure that the area surrounding the
work platform is clear of personnel and equipment before lowering
the platform.
(16) Fuel tanks shall not be filled while the engine is running.
Spillage shall be avoided.
(17) Batteries shall not be charged except in an open, well-ventilated
area, free of flame, smoking, spark, or fire.
(18) Modifications. All modifications and alterations to work
platforms shall be certified in writing as being in conformance
with ANSI A92.6-1990 by the manufacturer or any equivalent entity,
such as a nationally recognized testing laboratory.
(1) All applicable rules for design, construction, maintenance,
operation, testing and use of boom supported elevating work platforms
shall be in accordance with ANSI A92.5-1992.
(2) Minimum rated work load. The minimum rated work load of a
work platform shall be three hundred pounds. Either single or
multiple ratings may be used.
(a) Work platforms with single ratings shall include means
which clearly present the rated work load to the operator at
the platform control station.
(b) Work platforms having multiple configurations with multiple
ratings shall have means which clearly describe the rated work
load of each configuration to the operator at the platform control
station. Examples of multiple configurations are:
(i) Outriggers extended to firm footing versus outriggers
not extended.
(ii) Large platform versus small platform.
(iii) Extendable boom retracted versus extended.
(iv) Boom elevated versus lowered.
(v) Extendable axles extended versus retracted.
(3) Boom angle indicator: When the rated capacity of the alternate
configuration depends on the angle the boom makes with the horizontal,
the manufacturer shall install means by which that angle can be
determined. Such means shall be clearly displayed to the operator
at the platform control station.
(4) Structural safety.
(a) All load-supporting structural elements of the work platform
shall have a structural safety factor of not less than two to
one based on the minimum yield strength of the materials used.
(b) The load-supporting structural elements of the work platform
that are made of nonductile material which will not deform plastically
before breaking shall have a structural safety factor of not
less than five to one based on the minimum ultimate strength
of the materials used.
(c) The design stress used in determining the structural safety
factor shall be the maximum stresses developed within the element
with the machine operating at its rated work load, used in the
type of service for which it was designed, and operated in accordance
with manufacturer's operation instructions.
(d) The design stress shall include the effects of stress concentration
and dynamic loading as shown in ANSI A92.5-1992.
(5) Platform stability.
(a) Each work platform shall be capable of maintaining stability
while sustaining a static load equal to one and one-third times
its rated work load, concentrated anywhere twelve inches inside
the perimeter of the platform, throughout its entire range of
motion while on a slope of five degrees from the horizontal
in the direction most likely to cause overturning.
(i) If having the outriggers, stabilizers, or extendable
axles in contact with the supporting surface is part of the
normal configuration to meet the stability requirements, they
shall be extended.
(ii) A visual inspection shall be made to determine whether
this test has produced an adverse effect on any component.
(b) Each work platform shall sustain on level ground a test
load equal to one and one-half times its rated work load throughout
the entire range of motion in which the boom can be placed.
(i) The test load shall be placed with its center of gravity
twelve inches inboard from the guardrail while the unit is
in the least stable position.
(ii) The work platform shall remain stable during this test.
(iii) A visual inspection shall be made to determine whether
this test has produced an adverse effect on any component.
(c) Each work platform shall be capable of maintaining stability
when positioned on a five degree slope in its backward stability
configuration in the direction and condition most likely to
cause overturning, while sustaining a horizontal force of one
hundred fifty pounds or fifteen percent of rated capacity, whichever
is greater, applied to the upper perimeter of the platform in
the direction most likely to cause overturning (see Fig. 1).
Note that the most adverse condition may be with zero or with
rated work load (concentrated one foot inside perimeter of platform),
depending on basket configuration.
(i) If having the outriggers, stabilizers, or extendable
axles in contact with the supporting surface is part of the
normal configuration to meet stability requirements, they
shall be extended.
(ii) A visual inspection shall be made to determine whether
this test has produced an adverse effect on any component.
(6) Work platform design requirement. The work platform shall
be provided with a guardrail or other structure approximately
forty-two inches plus or minus three inches high around its upper
periphery, with a midrail, and with toeboards not less than four
inches high. Guardrails and midrail chains or the equivalent may
be substituted across an access opening.
(a) All stepping, standing, and working surfaces shall be skid
resistant.
(b) Attachment points shall be provided for a body belt and
lanyard for each person occupying the platform.
(7) Work platform controls. Work platforms shall have both primary
and secondary controls.
(a) Primary controls shall be readily accessible to the operator
on the platform.
(b) Secondary controls shall be designed to override the primary
controls and shall be readily accessible from ground level.
(c) Both primary and secondary controls shall be clearly marked,
using permanent legible identification which can be easily understood.
(d) All directional controls shall move in the direction of
the function which they control when possible, and shall be
of the type which automatically returns to the “off”
or the neutral position when released.
(e) Such controls shall be protected against inadvertent operation.
(8) Outrigger interlocks. Where the work platform is equipped
with outriggers, stabilizers, or extendable axles, interlocks
shall be provided to ensure that the platform cannot be positioned
beyond the maximum travel height unless the outriggers, stabilizers,
or extendable axles are properly set. Control circuits shall ensure
that the driving motor(s) cannot be activated unless the outriggers
or stabilizers are disengaged and the platform has been lowered
to the maximum travel height (MTH).
(9) Auxiliary operating means: All work platforms shall be provided
with an auxiliary means of lowering, retracting, and rotating
in the event of primary power loss.
(10) Emergency stop: All work platforms shall be equipped with
an emergency stop device, readily accessible to the operator,
which will effectively de-energize all powered systems in case
of a malfunction.
(11) Tilt alarm: All work platforms shall be fitted with an alarm
or other suitable warning at the platform, which will be activated
automatically when the machine base is more than five degrees
out of level in any direction.
(12) System safety factors.
(a) Where the platform is supporting its rated work load by
a system of wire ropes or lift chains, or both, the safety factor
of the wire rope or chain shall not be less than eight to one,
based on ultimate strength.
(b) All critical components and hoses of hydraulic and pneumatic
systems shall have a minimum bursting strength of four times
the operating pressure for which the system is designed.
(c) Noncritical components shall have a minimum bursting strength
of two times the operating pressure for which the system is
designed.
(d) Critical components are defined as those in which a malfunction
would result in a free descent of the platform.
(13) Failsafe requirements.
(a) Where the elevation of the platform is accomplished by
an electromechanical assembly, the system shall be so designed
as to prevent free descent in the event of a generator or power
failure.
(b) Where the elevation of the platform is accomplished by
a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder assembly, the system shall
be so equipped as to prevent free descent in the event a hydraulic
or pneumatic line bursts.
(c) Hydraulically or pneumatically actuated outriggers or stabilizers,
or both, shall be so designed as to prevent their retraction
in the event a hydraulic or pneumatic line bursts.
(14) Engine requirement.
(a) Fuel lines of internal-combustion-engine-powered work platforms
shall be supported to keep chafing to a minimum and located
to keep exposure to engine and exhaust heat to a minimum.
(b) Liquid fuel lines shall be hard except where flexible connections
are required for isolation from vibration.
(c) LP gas fuel systems shall use flexible LP gas hose or hard
lines.
(d) Exhaust lines shall be equipped with mufflers and shall
be located to minimize the exposure to noise and fumes of operators
and personnel located in the proximity of such units.
(15) Specifications display. There shall be displayed on all
work platforms, in a permanent manner, at a readily visible location,
the following information:
(a) Special warnings, cautions, or restrictions necessary for
safe operation in accordance with ANSI Z535.2-1991.
(b) Make, model, serial number, and manufacturer's name and
address.
(c) Rated work load.
(d) Maximum platform height and maximum travel height.
(e) Reference to studying operating instructions in manual
before use.
(f) Alternative configuration statement. If a work platform
is capable of several alternative configurations and loads,
the alternatives shall be clearly described.
(g) A clear statement of whether or not the platform and its
enclosure are electrically insulated. If they are electrically
insulated, the voltage at which the platform is rated and the
applicable test standard shall be stated.
(h) The rated work load shall be clearly displayed at each
entrance to the platform and the operator control station.
(16) Lift manual requirements. Each work platform shall be provided
with a manufacturer's manual(s) containing the following information:
(a) Descriptions, specifications, and ratings of the work platform,
including the data specified in subsection (17) of this section.
(b) The maximum hydraulic operating pressure and the maximum
voltage of the electrical systems which are part of the platform.
(c) Instructions regarding operation, safety rules, maintenance,
and repair.
(d) Replacement parts information.
(17) Inspection and maintenance.
(a) Each work platform shall be inspected, maintained, repaired,
and kept in proper working condition in accordance with the
manufacturer's maintenance and repair manuals.
(b) Any work platform found not to be in safe operating condition
shall be removed from service until repaired.
(c) All repairs shall be made by a qualified person in conformance
with the manufacturer's maintenance and repair manual(s).
(18) Operator requirements. Only trained and authorized persons
shall be permitted to operate the work platform. Before using
the work platform, the operator shall:
(a) Be instructed by a qualified person in the intended purpose
and function of each of the controls.
(b) Read and understand the manufacturer's operating instructions
and safety rules, or be trained by a qualified person on the
contents of the manufacturer's operating instructions and safety
rules.
(c) Understand by reading or by having a qualified person explain
all decals, warnings, and instructions displayed on the work
platform.
(d) Prior to use on each work shift, the work platform shall
be inspected for defects that would affect its safe operation
and use. The inspection shall consist of the following:
(i) Visual inspection for cracked welds or other structural
defects, hydraulic leaks, damaged control cables, loose wire
connections, and tire damage.
(ii) Function test of the operating controls to ensure that
they perform their intended functions. Any suspect items shall
be carefully examined and a determination made by a qualified
person as to whether they constitute a safety hazard. All
unsafe items shall be corrected before further use of the
work platform.
(iii) Before the work platform is used and during use, the
job site shall be checked for hazards such as ditches, dropoffs
or holes, bumps and floor obstructions, debris, overhead obstructions
and high-voltage conductors, and other possible hazardous
conditions.
(19) Requirements for operation. The work platform shall be used
only in accordance with the manufacturer's operating instructions
and safety rules, ANSI 92.6-1990 and this standard.
(a) Only trained and authorized personnel shall be permitted
to operate the work platform.
(b) Before each elevation of the work platform, the operator
shall:
(i) Check for overhead obstructions and high-voltage conductors.
A minimum distance of ten feet from energized high-voltage
conductors shall be maintained at all times between the conductors
and the operator and platform equipment.
(ii) Ensure the work platform is elevated only on a firm
and level surface.
(iii) Ensure that the load and its distribution on the platform
are in accordance with the manufacturer's rated capacity.
The manufacturer's rated work load shall never be exceeded.
(iv) Ensure that outriggers or stabilizers are used in accordance
with manufacturer's instructions. Wheel chocks shall be installed
before using an aerial lift on an incline, provided they can
be safely installed.
(v) Ensure that platform guardrails are properly installed
and gates or openings are closed.
(vi) Check to see that all occupants' full body harnesses
are on and properly attached.
(c) Before and during driving while elevated, the operator
shall:
(i) Be required to look in the direction of, and keep a clear
view of, the path of travel and make sure that the path is
firm and level.
(ii) Maintain a safe distance from obstacles, debris, dropoffs,
holes, depressions, ramps, and other hazards to safe elevated
travel.
(iii) Maintain a safe distance from overhead obstacles.
(d) Under all travel conditions the operator shall limit speed
according to conditions of ground surface, congestion, slope,
location of personnel, and other factors which may create a
hazard of collision or injury to personnel.
(e) Stunt driving and horseplay shall not be permitted.
(f) Personnel shall maintain a firm footing on the platform
while working thereon. Safety harness and lanyard devices fixed
to attachment points provided and approved by the manufacturer
shall be used by all occupants. Use of railings, planks, ladders,
or any other device on the work platform for achieving additional
height shall be prohibited.
(g) The operators shall immediately report to their supervisor
any defects or malfunctions which become evident during operation.
Any defects or malfunctions that affect the safety of operation
shall be repaired prior to continued use of the work platform.
(h) Altering, modifying, or disabling safety devices or interlocks
is prohibited.
(i) Care shall be taken to prevent ropes, electric cords, hoses,
and the like from becoming entangled in the work platform when
it is being elevated, lowered, or moved.
(j) Work platform rated capacities shall not be exceeded when
live loads are transferred to the platform at elevated heights.
(k) The operator shall ensure that the area surrounding the
work platform is clear of personnel and equipment before lowering
the platform.
(20) Refueling: Fuel tanks shall not be filled while the engine
is running. Caution shall be used while filling tanks to avoid
spilling fuel.
(21) Battery charging: Batteries shall not be charged except
in an open, well ventilated area free of flame, smoking, spark,
and fire.
(22) Modifications: There shall be no modification or alteration
to work platforms without the modifications being approved and
certified in writing by the manufacturer or other equivalent entity,
such as a nationally recognized testing laboratory, to be in conformance
with all applicable provisions of ANSI A92.5-1992 and this standard.
(a) Unless otherwise provided in this section, aerial lifts
acquired for use on or after January 22, 1973, shall be designed
and constructed in conformance with the applicable requirements
of the American National Standards for “Vehicle Mounted
Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms,” ANSI A92.2-1969,
including appendix. Aerial lifts acquired before January 22,
1973, which do not meet the requirements of ANSI A92.2-1969,
may not be used after January 1, 1976, unless they shall have
been modified so as to conform with the applicable design and
construction requirements of ANSI A92.2-1969. Aerial lifts include
the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial devices used to
elevate personnel to job-sites above ground:
(i) Extensible boom platforms;
(ii) Aerial ladders;
(iii) Articulating boom platforms;
(iv) Vertical towers; and
(v) A combination of any such devices. Aerial equipment may
be made of metal, wood, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP),
or other material; may be powered or manually operated; and
are deemed to be aerial lifts whether or not they are capable
of rotating about a substantially vertical axis.
(b) Aerial lifts may be “field modified” for uses
other than those intended by the manufacturer provided the modification
has been certified in writing by the manufacturer or by any
other equivalent entity, such as a nationally recognized testing
laboratory, to be in conformity with all applicable provisions
of ANSI A92.2-1969 and this section and to be at least as safe
as the equipment was before modification.
(2) “Specific requirements.”
(a) Ladder trucks and tower trucks:
(i) Aerial ladders shall be secured in the lower traveling
position by the locking device on top of the truck cab, and
the manually operated device at the base of the ladder before
the truck is moved for highway travel.
(ii) A full body harness shall be worn and a lanyard attached
to the ladder rail or tower when working from ladder trucks
or tower trucks.
(b) Extensible and articulating boom platforms.
(i) Lift controls shall be tested each day prior to use to
determine that such controls are in safe working condition.
(ii) Only authorized persons shall operate an aerial lift.
(iii) Belting off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment
while working from an aerial lift shall not be permitted.
(iv) Employees shall always stand firmly on the floor of
the basket, and shall not sit or climb on the edge of the
basket or use planks, ladders, or other devices for a work
position.
(v) A full body harness shall be worn and a lanyard attached
to the boom or basket when working from an aerial lift.
(vi) Boom and basket load limits specified by the manufacturer
shall not be exceeded.
(vii) The brakes shall be set and when outriggers are used,
they shall be positioned on pads or a solid surface. Wheel
chocks shall be installed before using an aerial lift on an
incline, provided they can be safely installed.
(viii) An aerial lift truck shall not be moved when the boom
is elevated in a working position with men in the basket,
except for equipment which is specifically designed for this
type of operation in accordance with the provisions of subsection
(1)(a) and (b) of this section.
(ix) Articulating boom and extensible boom platforms, primarily
designed as personnel carriers, shall have both platform (upper)
and lower controls. Upper controls shall be in or beside the
platform within easy reach of the operator. Lower controls
shall provide for overriding the upper controls. Controls
shall be plainly marked as to their function. Lower level
controls shall not be operated unless permission has been
obtained from the employee in the lift, except in case of
emergency.
(x) Climbers shall not be worn while performing work from
an aerial lift.
(xi) The insulated portion of an aerial lift shall not be
altered in any manner that might reduce its insulating value.
(xii) Before moving an aerial lift for travel, the boom(s)
shall be inspected to see that it is properly cradled and
outriggers are in stowed position except as provided in (b)(viii)
of this subsection.
(c) Electrical tests. All electrical tests shall conform to
the requirements of ANSI A92.2-1990 section 5. However equivalent
d.c. voltage tests may be used in lieu of the a.c. voltage specified
in A92.2-1990; d.c. voltage tests which are approved by the
equipment manufacturer or equivalent entity shall be considered
an equivalent test for the purpose of this subsection (2)(c).
(d) Bursting safety factor. The provisions of the American
National Standards Institute standard ANSI A92.2-1990, section
4.9 Bursting Safety Factor shall apply to all critical hydraulic
and pneumatic components. Critical components are those in which
a failure would result in a free fall or free rotation of the
boom. All noncritical components shall have a bursting safety
factor of at least 2 to 1.
(e) Welding standards. All welding shall conform to the following
standards as applicable:
(i) Standard Qualification Procedure, AWS B3.0-41.
(ii) Recommended Practices for Automotive Welding Design,
AWS D8.4-61.
Note: Nonmandatory Appendix C to this part
lists examples of national consensus standards that are considered
to provide employee protection equivalent to that provided through
the application of ANSI A92.2-1990, where appropriate. Copies
may be obtained from the American National Standards Institute.
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