(1) “Approved” for the purpose of this part, means equipment
that has been listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory
such as Factory Mutual Engineering Corp., or Underwriters' Laboratories,
Inc., federal agencies such as United States Mine Safety and Health Administration
or United States Coast Guard, which issue approvals for such equipment,
or the department of labor and industries.
(2) “Closed container” means a container so sealed by means of
a lid or other device that neither liquid nor vapor will escape from it
at ordinary temperatures.
(3) “Combustible liquid” means any liquid having a flashpoint
at or above 100°F (37.8°C). Combustible liquids shall be divided into
two classes as follows:
(a) “Class II liquids” shall include those with flashpoints
at or above 100°F (37.8°C) and below 140°F (60°C), except any mixture
having components with flashpoints of 200°F (93.3°C) or higher, the
volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the
mixture.
(b) “Class III liquids” shall include those with flashpoints
at or above 140°F (60°C). Class III liquids are subdivided into two
subclasses:
(i) “Class IIIA liquids” shall include those with flashpoints
at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93.3°C), except any mixture
having components with flashpoints of 200°F (93.3°C), or higher, the
total volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume
of the mixture.
(ii) “Class IIIB liquids” shall include those with flashpoints
at or above 200°F (93.3°C). This section does not cover Class IIIB
liquids. Where the term “Class III liquids” is used in this section,
it shall mean only Class IIIA liquids.
(c) When a combustible liquid is heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C)
of its flashpoint, it shall be handled in accordance with the requirements
for the next lower class of liquids.
(4) “Combustion” means any chemical process that involves oxidation
sufficient to produce light or heat.
(5) “Fire brigade” means an organized group of employees that
are knowledgeable, trained, and skilled in the safe evacuation of employees
during emergency situations and in assisting in fire fighting operations.
(6) “Fire resistance” means so resistant to fire that, for specified
time and under conditions of a standard heat intensity, it will not fail
structurally and will not permit the side away from the fire to become
hotter than a specified temperature. For purposes of this part, fire resistance
shall be determined by the Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building
Construction and Materials, NFPA 251-72.
(7) “Flammable” means capable of being easily ignited, burning
intensely or having a rapid rate of flame spread.
(8) “Flammable liquid” means any liquid having a flashpoint below
100°F (37.8°C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints
of 100°F (37.8°C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or
more of the total volume of the mixture. Flammable liquids shall be known
as Class I liquids. Class I liquids are divided into three classes as
follows:
(a) Class IA shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73°F (22.8°C)
and having a boiling point below 100°F (37.8°C).
(b) Class IB shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73°F (22.8°C)
and having a boiling point at or above 100°F (37.8°C).
(c) Class IC shall include liquids having flashpoints at or above 73°F
(22.8°C) and below 100°F (37.8°C).
(9) “Flashpoint” means the minimum temperature at which a liquid
gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form
an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid, and shall
be determined as follows:
(a) For a liquid which has a viscosity of less than 45 SUS at 100°F
(37.8°C), does not contain suspended solids, and does not have a tendency
to form a surface film while under test, the procedure specified in
the Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Tag Closed Tester (ASTM
D-56-70) shall be used.
(b) For a liquid which has a viscosity of 45 SUS or more at 100°F (37.8°C),
or contains suspended solids, or has a tendency to form a surface film
while under test, the Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Pensky-Martens
Closed Tester (ASTM D-93-71) shall be used, except that the methods
specified in Note 1 to section 1.1 of ASTM D-93-71 may be used for the
respective materials specified in the note.
(10) “Liquified petroleum gases” “LPG” and “LP Gas” mean and
include any material which is composed predominantly of any of the following
hydrocarbons, or mixtures of them, such as propane, propylene, butane
(normal butane or isobutane), and butylenes.
(11) “Portable tank” means a closed container having a liquid
capacity more than 60 U.S. gallons, and not intended for fixed installation.
(12) “Safety can” means an approved closed container, of not
more than 5 gallons capacity, having a spring-closing lid and spout cover
and so designed that it will safely relieve internal pressure when subjected
to fire exposure.
(13) “Salamander” means a portable heating device, solid or liquid
fueled, which is not vented to the outdoor atmosphere.
(14) “Vapor pressure” means the pressure, measured in pounds
per square inch (absolute), exerted by a volatile liquid as determined
by the “Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
(Reid Method),” (ASTM D-323-68).
(a) The employer shall be responsible for development of a fire protection
program to be followed throughout all phases of construction and demolition
work, and the employer shall provide for fire fighting equipment as
specified in this part. As fire hazards occur, there shall be no delay
in providing necessary equipment.
(b) Access to all available fire fighting equipment shall be maintained
at all times.
(c) All fire fighting equipment, provided by the employer, shall be
conspicuously located.
(d) All fire fighting equipment shall be periodically inspected by
a competent person, and maintained in operating condition. Defective
equipment shall be immediately replaced.
(e) As warranted by the project, the employer shall provide a trained
and equipped fire fighting organization (fire brigade) to assure adequate
protection to life.
(2) Water supply.
(a) A temporary or permanent water supply, of sufficient volume, duration,
and pressure, required to properly operate fire fighting equipment shall
be made available as soon as combustible materials accumulate.
(b) Where underground water mains are to be provided, they shall be
installed, completed, and made available for use as soon as practicable.
(3) Portable fire fighting equipment.
(a) A fire extinguisher, rated not less than 2A, shall be provided
for each 3,000 square feet of a combustible building area, or major
fraction thereof. Travel distance from any point of the protected area
to the nearest fire extinguisher shall not exceed a horizontal distance
of 100 feet.
Note: One 55-gallon open drum of water with two
fire pails may be substituted for a fire extinguisher having a 2A rating.
(b) A 1/2-inch diameter garden-type hose line, not to exceed 100 feet
in length and equipped with a nozzle, may be substituted for a 2A-rated
fire extinguisher, provided it is capable of discharging a minimum of
5 gallons per minute with a minimum hose stream range of 30 feet horizontally.
The garden-type hose lines shall be mounted on conventional racks or
reels. The number and location of hose racks or reels shall be such
that at least one hose stream can be applied to all points in the area.
(c) One or more fire extinguishers, rated not less than 2A, shall be
provided on each floor. In multistory buildings, where combustibles
are present, at least one fire extinguisher shall be located adjacent
to a stairway.
(d) Extinguishers and water drums, subject to freezing, shall be protected
from freezing.
(e) A fire extinguisher, rated not less than 10B, shall be provided
within 50 feet of wherever more than 5 gallons of flammable or combustible
liquids or 5 pounds of flammable gas are being used on the jobsite.
This requirement does not apply to the integral fuel tanks of motor
vehicles.
(f) Carbon tetrachloride and other toxic vaporizing liquid fire extinguishers
are prohibited.
(g) Portable fire extinguishers shall be inspected periodically and
maintained in accordance with Maintenance and Use of Portable
Fire Extinguishers, NFPA No. 10A-1981 and WAC
296-800-300.
(h) Fire extinguishers which have been listed or approved by a nationally
recognized testing laboratory, shall be used to meet the requirements
of this part. (See Table D-1)
Note: For additional requirements relating
to portable fire extinguishers see WAC
296-800-300.
Note: One hundred feet, or less, of 1-1/2 inch hose,
with a nozzle capable of discharging water at 25 gallons or more per minute,
may be substituted for a fire extinguisher rated not more than 2A in the
designated area provided that the hose line can reach all points in the
area.
(i) If fire hose connections are not compatible with local fire fighting
equipment, the contractor shall provide adapters, or equivalent, to
permit connections.
(j) During demolition involving combustible materials, charged hose
lines, supplied by hydrants, water tank trucks with pumps, or equivalent,
shall be made available.
(4) Fixed fire fighting equipment.
(a) Sprinkler protection.
(i) If the facility being constructed includes the installation of
automatic sprinkler protection, the installation shall closely follow
the construction and be placed in service as soon as applicable laws
permit following completion of each story.
(ii) During demolition or alterations, existing automatic sprinkler
installations shall be retained in service as long as reasonable.
The operation of sprinkler control valves shall be permitted only
by properly authorized persons.
Note: Modification of sprinkler systems to permit
alterations or additional demolition should be expedited so that the automatic
protection may be returned to service as quickly as possible. Sprinkler
control valves shall be checked daily at close of work to ascertain that
the protection is in service.
(b) Standpipes. In all structures in which standpipes are required,
or where standpipes exist in structures being altered, they shall be
brought up as soon as applicable laws permit, and shall be maintained
as construction progresses in such a manner that they are always ready
for fire protection use. The standpipes shall be provided with Siamese
fire department connections on the outside of the structure, at the
street level, which shall be conspicuously marked. There shall be at
least one standard hose outlet at each floor.
(5) Fire alarm devices.
(a) An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be
established by the employer whereby employees on the site and the local
fire department can be alerted for an emergency.
(b) The alarm code and reporting instructions shall be conspicuously
posted at phones and at employee entrances.
(6) Fire cutoffs.
(a) Fire walls and exit stairways, required for the completed buildings,
shall be given construction priority. Fire doors, with automatic closing
devices, shall be hung on openings as soon as practical.
(b) Fire cutoffs shall be retained in buildings undergoing alterations
or demolition until operations necessitate their removal.
(a) Electrical wiring and equipment for light, heat, or power purposes
shall be installed in compliance with the requirements of Part I of
this standard.
(b) Internal combustion engine powered equipment shall be so located
that exhausts are well away from combustible materials. When exhausts
are piped to outside the building under construction, a clearance of
at least 6 inches shall be maintained between such piping and combustible
material.
(c) Smoking shall be prohibited at or in the vicinity of operations
which constitute a fire hazard, and shall be conspicuously posted: “No
smoking or open flame.”
(d) Portable battery powered lighting equipment, used in connection
with the storage, handling, or use of flammable gases or liquids, shall
be of the type approved for the hazardous locations.
(e) The nozzle of air, inert gas, and steam lines or hoses, when used
in the cleaning or ventilation of tanks and vessels that contain hazardous
concentrations of flammable gases or vapors, shall be bonded to the
tank or vessel shell. Bonding devices shall not be attached or detached
in hazardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapors.
(f) Workers shall not take open lights or open flames near or in an
open sewer manhole, gas main, conduit or other similar place until the
absence of explosive or harmful gases has been assured.
Open lights or flames shall not be carried into areas and enclosures
where flammable vapors or exposed low flash point solvents exist. Only
approved and suitable protected lights shall be used.
(2) Temporary buildings.
(a) No temporary building shall be erected where it will adversely
affect any means of exit.
(b) Temporary buildings, when located within another building or structure,
shall be of either noncombustible construction or of combustible construction
having a fire resistance of not less than 1 hour.
(c) Temporary buildings, located other than inside another building
and not used for the storage, handling, or use of flammable or combustible
liquids, flammable gases, explosives, or blasting agents, or similar
hazardous occupancies, shall be located at a distance of not less than
10 feet from another building or structure. Groups of temporary buildings,
not exceeding 2,000 square feet in aggregate, shall, for the purpose
of this part, be considered a single temporary building.
(3) Open yard storage.
(a) Combustible materials shall be piled with due regard to the stability
of piles and in no case higher than 20 feet.
(b) Driveways between and around combustible storage piles shall be
at least 15 feet wide and maintained free from accumulation of rubbish,
equipment, or other articles or materials. Driveways shall be so spaced
that a maximum grid system unit of 50 feet by 150 feet is produced.
(c) The entire storage site shall be kept free from accumulation of
unnecessary combustible materials. Weeds and grass shall be kept down
and a regular procedure provided for the periodic cleanup of the entire
area.
(d) When there is a danger of an underground fire, that land shall
not be used for combustible or flammable storage.
(e) Method of piling shall be solid wherever possible and in orderly
and regular piles. No combustible material shall be stored outdoors
within 10 feet of a building or structure.
(f) Portable fire extinguishing equipment, suitable for the fire hazard
involved, shall be provided at convenient, conspicuously accessible
locations in the yard area. Portable fire extinguishers, rated not less
than 2A, shall be placed so that maximum travel distance to the nearest
unit shall not exceed 100 feet.
(4) Indoor storage.
(a) Storage shall not obstruct, or adversely affect, means of exit.
(b) All materials shall be stored, handled, and piled with due regard
to their fire characteristics.
(c) Noncompatible materials, which may create a fire hazard, shall
be segregated by a barrier having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour.
(d) Material shall be piled to minimize the spread of fire internally
and to permit convenient access for firefighting. Stable piling shall
be maintained at all times. Aisle space shall be maintained to safely
accommodate the widest vehicle that may be used within the building
for fire- fighting purposes.
(e) Clearance of at least 36 inches shall be maintained between the
top level of the stored material and the sprinkler deflectors.
(f) Clearance shall be maintained around lights and heating units to
prevent ignition of combustible materials.
(g) A clearance of 24 inches shall be maintained around the path of
travel of fire doors unless a barricade is provided, in which case no
clearance is needed. Material shall not be stored within 36 inches of
a fire door opening.
(a) Only approved containers and portable tanks shall be used for storage
and handling of flammable and combustible liquids. Approved metal safety
cans, or department of transportation approved containers shall be used
for the handling and use of flammable liquids in quantities five gallons
or less, except that this shall not apply to those flammable liquid
materials which are highly viscid (extremely hard to pour), which may
be used and handled in original shipping containers. For quantities
of one gallon or less, only the original container may be used for storage,
use, and handling of flammable liquids.
(b) Flammable or combustible liquids shall not be stored in areas used
for exits, stairways, or normally used for the safe passage of people.
(c) Flammable and combustible liquid containers shall be legibly marked
to indicate their contents. Each storage container for flammable or
combustible liquids, with a capacity of 50 gallons or more, shall have
the contents of the container identified by a sign of clearly visible
contrasting colors with letters at least 3 inches high, painted on the
container at the discharge valve and at the fill point.
(d) Gasoline shall not be used as a solvent or a cleaning agent.
(2) Indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids.
(a) No more than 25 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids shall
be stored in a room outside of an approved storage cabinet.
For storage of liquid petroleum gas, see WAC
296-155-275.
(b) Quantities of flammable and combustible liquid in excess of 25
gallons shall be stored in an acceptable or approved cabinet meeting
the following requirements:
(i) Acceptable wooden storage cabinets shall be constructed in the
following manner, or equivalent: The bottom, sides, and top shall
be constructed of an exterior grade of plywood at least 1 inch in
thickness, which shall not break down or delaminate under standard
fire test conditions. All joints shall be rabbeted and shall be fastened
in two directions with flathead wood screws, when more than one door
is used, there shall be a rabbeted overlap of not less than 1 inch.
Steel hinges shall be mounted in such a manner as to not lose their
holding capacity due to loosening or burning out of the screws when
subjected to fire. Such cabinets shall be painted inside and out with
fire retardant paint.
(ii) Approved metal storage cabinets will be acceptable.
(iii) Cabinets shall be labeled in conspicuous lettering, “Flammable-Keep
fire away.”
(c) Not more than 60 gallons of flammable or 120 gallons of combustible
liquids shall be stored in any one storage cabinet. Not more than three
such cabinets may be located in a single storage area. Quantities in
excess of this shall be stored in an inside storage room.
(d) (i) Inside storage room shall be constructed to meet the required
fire-resistive rating for their use. Such construction shall comply
with the test specifications set forth in Standard Methods of Fire
Test of Building Construction and Material, NFPA 251-1972.
(ii) Where an automatic extinguishing system is provided, the system
shall be designed and installed in an approved manner. Openings to
other rooms or buildings shall be provided with noncombustible liquid-tight
raised sills or ramps at least 4 inches in height, or the floor in
the storage area shall be at least 4 inches below the surrounding
floor. Openings shall be provided with approved self-closing fire
doors. The room shall be liquid-tight where the walls join the floor.
A permissible alternate to the sill or ramp is an open-grated trench,
inside of the room, which drains to a safe location. Where other portions
of the building or other buildings are exposed, windows shall be protected
as set forth in the Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, NFPA No.
80-1983, for Class E or F openings. Wood of at least 1-inch nominal
thickness may be used for shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor
overlay and similar installations.
(iii) Materials which will react with water and create a fire hazard
shall not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible
liquids.
(iv) Storage in inside storage rooms shall comply with Table D-2
following:
TABLE D-2
Fire Protection
Provided
Fire Assistance
Maximum Size
Total Allowable
Quantities gals./sq. ft./floor Area
Yes
2 hrs.
500 sq. ft.
10
No
2 hrs.
500 sq. ft.
4
Yes
1 hr.
150 sq. ft.
5
No
1 hr.
150 sq. ft.
2
Note: Fire protection system shall be sprinkler,
water spray, carbon dioxide or other system approved by a nationally recognized
testing laboratory for this purpose.
(v) Electrical wiring and equipment located in inside storage rooms
shall be approved for Class 1, Division 1, hazardous locations.
For definition of Class 1, Division 1, hazardous locations, see
WAC
296-155-456.
(vi) Every inside storage room shall be provided with either
a gravity or a mechanical exhausting system. Such system shall
commence not more than 12 inches above the floor and be designed
to provide for a complete change of air within the room at least
6 times per hour. If a mechanical exhausting system is used, it
shall be controlled by a switch located outside of the door. The
ventilating equipment and any lighting fixtures shall be operated
by the same switch. An electric pilot light shall be installed
adjacent to the switch if flammable liquids are dispensed within
the room. Where gravity ventilation is provided, the fresh air
intake, as well as the exhausting outlet from the room, shall
be on the exterior of the building in which the room is located.
(vii) In every inside storage room there shall be maintained
one clear aisle at least 3 feet wide. Containers over 30 gallons
capacity shall not be stacked one upon the other.
(viii) Flammable and combustible liquids in excess of that permitted
in inside storage rooms shall be stored outside of buildings in
accordance with subsection (3) of this section.
(3) Storage outside buildings.
(a) Storage of containers (not more than 60 gallons each) shall
not exceed 1,100 gallons in any one pile or area. Piles or groups
of containers shall be separated by a 5-foot clearance. Piles or
groups of containers shall not be nearer than 20 feet to a building.
(b) Within 200 feet of each pile of containers, there shall be
a 12-foot-wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus.
(c) The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert possible
spills away from buildings or other exposures, or shall be surrounded
by a curb or earth dike at least 12 inches high. When curbs or dikes
are used, provisions shall be made for draining off accumulations
of ground or rain water, or spills of flammable or combustible liquids.
Drains shall terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible
to operation under fire conditions.
(d) Outdoor portable tank storage.
(i) Portable tanks shall not be nearer than 20 feet from any
building. Two or more portable tanks, grouped together, having
a combined capacity in excess of 2,200 gallons, shall be separated
by a 5-foot-clear area. Individual portable tanks exceeding 1,100
gallons shall be separated by a 5-foot-clear area.
(ii) Within 200 feet of each portable tank, there shall be a
12-foot-wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus.
(e) Storage areas shall be kept free of weeds, debris, and other
combustible material not necessary to the storage.
(f) Portable tanks, not exceeding 660 gallons, shall be provided
with emergency venting and other devices, as required by chapters
III and IV of NFPA 30-1972, The Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Code.
(g) Portable tanks, in excess of 660 gallons, shall have emergency
venting and other devices, as required by chapters II and III of
the Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, NFPA 30-1972.
(4) Fire control for flammable or combustible liquid storage.
(a) At least one portable fire extinguisher, having a rating of
not less than 20-B units, shall be located outside of, but not more
than 10 feet from, the door opening into any room used for storage
of more than 60 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids.
(b) At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of
not less than 20-B units shall be located not less than 25 feet,
nor more than 75 feet, from any flammable liquid storage area located
outside.
(c) When sprinklers are provided, they shall be installed in accordance
with the Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA
13-1972.
(d) At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of
not less than 20-B:C units shall be provided on all tank trucks
or other vehicles used for transporting and/or dispensing flammable
or combustible liquids.
Note: For additional requirements relating to
portable fire extinguishers see WAC
296-800-300.
(5) Dispensing liquids.
(a) Areas in which flammable or combustible liquids are transferred
at the same time, in quantities greater than 5 gallons from one
tank or container to another tank or container, shall be separated
from other operations by 25-feet distance or by construction having
a fire-resistance of at least 1 hour. Drainage or other means shall
be provided to control spills. Adequate natural or mechanical ventilation
shall be provided to maintain the concentration of flammable vapor
at or below 10 percent of the lower flammable limit.
(b) Transfer flammable liquids from one container to another shall
be done only when containers are electrically interconnected (bonded).
(c) Flammable or combustible liquids shall be drawn from or transferred
into vessels, containers, or tanks within a building or outside
only through a closed piping system, from safety cans, by means
of a device drawing through the top, or from a container, or portable
tanks, by gravity or pump, through an approved self-closing valve.
Transferring by means of air pressure on the container or portable
tank is prohibited.
(d) The dispensing units shall be protected against collision damage.
(e) Dispensing devices and nozzles for flammable liquids shall
be of an approved type, as required by WAC
296-24-33015
(6) Handling liquids at point of final use.
(a) Flammable liquids shall be kept in closed containers when not
actually in use.
(b) Leakage or spillage of flammable or combustible liquids shall
be disposed of promptly and safely.
(c) Flammable liquids shall be used only where there are no open
flames or other sources of ignition within 50 feet of the operation,
unless conditions warrant greater clearance.
(7) Service and refueling areas.
(a) Flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored in approved
closed containers, in tanks located underground, or in aboveground
portable tanks.
(b) The tank trucks shall comply with the requirements covered
in the Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible
Liquids, NFPA No. 385-1977.
(c) The dispensing hose shall be an approved type.
(d) The dispensing nozzle shall be an approved automatic-closing
type.
(e) Underground tanks shall not be abandoned.
(f) Clearly identified and easily accessible switch(es) shall be
provided at a location remote from dispensing devices to shut off
the power to all dispensing devices in the event of an emergency.
(g) (i) Heating equipment of an approved type may be installed
in the lubrication or service area where there is no dispensing
or transferring of flammable liquids, provided the bottom of the
heating unit is at least 18 inches above the floor and is protected
from physical damage.
(ii) Heating equipment installed in lubrication or service areas,
where flammable liquids are dispensed, shall be of an approved
type for garages, and shall be installed at least 8 feet above
the floor.
(h) There shall be no smoking or open flames in the areas used
for fueling, servicing fuel systems for internal combustion engines,
receiving or dispensing of flammable or combustible liquids.
(i) Conspicuous and legible signs prohibiting smoking shall be
posted.
(j) The motor of any equipment being fueled shall be shut off during
the fueling operation.
(k) Each service or fueling area shall be provided with at least
one fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20BC located
so that an extinguisher will be within 75 feet of each pump, dispenser,
underground fill pipe opening, and lubrication or service area.
Note: For additional requirements relating to
portable fire extinguishers see WAC
296-800-300.
(a) Each system shall have containers, valves, connectors, manifold
valve assemblies, and regulators of an approved type.
(b) All cylinders shall meet the department of transportation specification
identification requirements published in 49 CFR Part 178, Shipping
Container Specifications.
(2) Welding on LP-gas containers. Welding is prohibited on containers.
(3) Container valves and container accessories.
(a) Valves, fittings, and accessories connected directly to the
container, including primary shut off valves, shall have a rated
working pressure of at least 250 p.s.i.g. and shall be of material
and design suitable for LP-gas service.
(b) Connections to containers, except safety relief connections,
liquid level gauging devices, and plugged openings, shall have shutoff
valves located as close to the container as practicable.
(4) Safety devices.
(a) Every container and every vaporizer shall be provided with
one or more approved safety relief valves or devices. These valves
shall be arranged to afford free vent to the outer air with discharge
not less than 5 feet horizontally away from any opening into a building
which is below such discharge.
(b) Shutoff valves shall not be installed between the safety relief
device and the container, or the equipment or piping to which the
safety relief device is connected, except that a shutoff valve may
be used where the arrangement of this valve is such that full required
capacity flow through the safety relief device is always afforded.
(c) Container safety relief devices and regulator relief vents
shall be located not less than 5 feet in any direction from air
openings into sealed combustion system appliances or mechanical
ventilation air intakes.
(5) Dispensing.
(a) Filling of fuel containers for trucks or motor vehicles from
bulk storage containers shall be performed not less than 10 feet
from the nearest masonry-walled building, or not less than 25 feet
from the nearest building or other construction and, in any event,
not less than 25 feet from any building opening.
(b) Filling of portable containers or containers mounted on skids
from storage containers shall be performed not less than 50 feet
from the nearest building.
(6) Requirements for appliances.
(a) LP-gas consuming appliances shall be approved types.
(b) Any appliance that was originally manufactured for operation
with a gaseous fuel other than LP-gas, and is in good condition,
may be used with LP-gas only after it is properly converted, adapted,
and tested for performance with LP-gas before the appliance is placed
in use.
(7) Containers and regulating equipment installed outside of buildings
or structures. Containers shall be upright upon firm foundations or
otherwise firmly secured. The possible effect on the outlet piping
of settling shall be guarded against by a flexible connection or special
fitting.
(8) Containers and equipment used inside of buildings or structures.
(a) When operational requirements make portable use of containers
necessary, and their location outside of buildings or structures
is impractical, containers and equipment are permitted to be used
inside of buildings or structures in accordance with (b) through
(k) of this subsection. In addition, there may be provisions of
this section that are applicable to the particular use or occupancy.
(b) “Containers in use” means connected for use.
(c) Systems utilizing containers having a water capacity greater
than 2 1/2-pounds (nominal 1 pound LP-gas capacity) shall be equipped
with excess flow valves. Such excess flow valves shall be either
integral with the container valves or in the connections to the
container valve outlets.
(d) Regulators, when required, shall be either directly connected
to the container valves or to manifolds connected to the container
valves. The regulator shall be suitable for use with LP-gas. Manifolds
and fittings connecting containers to pressure regulator inlets
shall be designed for at least 250 p.s.i.g. service pressure.
(e) Valves on containers having water capacity greater than 50
pounds (nominal 20 pounds LP-gas capacity) shall be protected from
damage while in use or storage.
(f) Aluminum piping or tubing shall not be used.
(g) Hose shall be designed for a working pressure of at least 250
p.s.i.g. Design, construction, and performance of hose, and hose
connections shall have their suitability determined by listing by
a nationally recognized testing agency. The hose length shall be
as short as practical. Hoses shall be long enough to permit compliance
with spacing provisions of (a) through (m) of this subsection, without
kinking or straining, or causing hose to be so close to a burner
as to be damaged by heat.
(h) Portable heaters, including salamanders, shall be equipped
with an approved automatic device to shut off the flow of gas to
the mainburner, and pilot if used, in the event of flame failure.
Such heaters, having inputs above 50,000 BTU per hour, shall be
equipped with either a pilot, which must be lighted and proved before
the main burner can be turned on, or an electrical ignition system.
Note: The provisions of this subdivision do
not apply to portable heaters under 7,500 BTU per hour input when
used with containers having a maximum water capacity of 2 1/2 pounds.
(i) Container valves, connectors, regulators, manifolds, piping,
and tubing shall not be used as structural supports for heaters.
(j) Containers, regulating equipment, manifolds, pipe, tubing,
and hose shall be located to minimize exposure to high temperatures
or physical damage.
(k) Containers having a water capacity greater than 2 1/2 pounds
(nominal 1 pound LP-gas capacity) connected for use shall stand
on a firm and substantially level surface and, when necessary, shall
be secured in an upright position.
(l) The maximum water capacity of individual containers shall be
245 pounds (nominal 100 pounds LP-gas capacity).
(m) For temporary heating, heaters (other than integral heater-container
units) shall be located at least 6 feet from any LP-gas container.
This shall not prohibit the use of heaters specifically designed
for attachment to the container or to a supporting standard, provided
they are designed and installed so as to prevent direct or radiant
heat application from the heater onto the containers. Blower and
radiant type heaters shall not be directed toward any LP-gas container
within 20 feet.
(n) If two or more heater-container units, of either the integral
or nonintegral type, are located in an unpartitioned area on the
same floor, the container or containers of each unit shall be separated
from the container or containers of any other unit by at least 20
feet.
(o) When heaters are connected to containers for use in an unpartitioned
area on the same floor, the total water capacity of containers,
manifolded together for connection to a heater or heaters, shall
not be greater than 735 pounds (nominal 300 pounds LP-gas capacity).
Such manifolds shall be separated by at least 20 feet.
(p) Storage of containers awaiting use shall be in accordance with
subsections (10) and (11) of this section.
(9) Multiple container systems.
(a) Valves in the assembly of multiple container systems shall
be arranged so that replacement of containers can be made without
shutting off the flow of gas in the system. This provision is not
to be construed as requiring an automatic changeover device.
(b) Heaters shall be equipped with an approved regulator in the
supply line between the fuel cylinder and the heater unit. Cylinder
connectors shall be provided with an excess flow valve to minimize
the flow of gas in the event the fuel line becomes ruptured.
(c) Regulators and low-pressure relief devices shall be rigidly
attached to the cylinder valves, cylinders, supporting standards,
the building walls, or otherwise rigidly secured, and shall be so
installed or protected from the elements.
(10) Storage of LPG containers. Storage of LPG within building is
prohibited.
(11) Storage outside of buildings.
(a) Storage outside of buildings, for containers awaiting use,
shall be located from the nearest building or group of buildings,
in accordance with Table D-3:
TABLE D-3
Quantity
of LP-gas stored
Distance
(feet)
500 lbs. Or
less
0
501 to 6,000
lbs.
10
6,001, to
10,000 lbs.
20
Over 10,000
lbs.
25
(b) Containers shall be in a suitable ventilated enclosure or otherwise
protected against tampering, or possible damage by vehicular traffic.
(12) Fire protection. Storage locations shall be provided with at
least one approved portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not
less than 20-B:C.
Note: For additional requirements relating to
portable fire extinguishers see WAC
296-800-300.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040
and 49.17.050. 86-03-074 (Order 86-14), § 296-155-275, filed 1/21/86;
Order 76-29, § 296-155-275, filed 9/30/76; Order 74-26, § 296-155-275,
filed 5/7/74, effective 6/6/74.]
(a) Fresh air shall be supplied in sufficient quantities to maintain
the health and safety of workers. Where natural means of fresh air
supply is inadequate, mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
(b) When heaters are used in confined spaces, special care shall
be taken to provide sufficient ventilation in order to ensure proper
combustion, maintain the health and safety of workers, and limit
temperature rise in the area.
(2) Clearance and mounting.
(a) Temporary heating devices shall be installed to provide clearance
to combustible material not less than the amount shown in Table
D-4.
(b) Temporary heating devices, which are listed for installation
with lesser clearances than specified in Table D-4, may be installed
in accordance with their approval.
TABLE D-4
Heating
appliances
Minimum
clearance, (inches)
Sides
Rear
Chimney Connector
Room heater,
circulating type
12
12
18
Room heater,
radiant type
36
36
18
(c) Heaters not suitable for use on wood floors shall not be set
directly upon them or other combustible materials. When such heaters
are used, they shall rest on suitable heat insulating material or
at least 1-inch concrete, or equivalent. The insulating material
shall extend beyond the heater 2 feet or more in all directions.
(d) Heaters used in the vicinity of combustible tarpaulins, canvas,
or similar coverings shall be located at least 10 feet from the
coverings. The coverings shall be securely fastened to prevent ignition
or upsetting of the heater due to wind action on the covering or
other material.
(3) Stability. Heaters, when in use, shall be set horizontally level,
unless otherwise permitted by the manufacturer's markings.
(4) Oil-fired heaters.
(a) Flammable liquid-fired heaters shall be equipped with a primary
safety control to stop the flow of fuel in the event of flame failure.
Barometric or gravity oil feed shall not be considered a primary
safety control.
(b) Heaters designed for barometric or gravity oil feed shall be
used only with the integral tanks.
(c) Heaters specifically designed and approved for use with separate
supply tanks may be directly connected for gravity feed, or an automatic
pump, from a supply tank.
(5) Salamanders.
(a) Coverage. The use of solid fuel salamanders is prohibited in
buildings and on scaffolds.
(b) General requirements.
(i) All solid fuel salamanders shall be designed and constructed
for use with solid fuel, that is, coal or coke.
(ii) Solid fuel salamanders shall be equipped with a cover designed
as part of the unit, to prevent spillage of burning material in
case of tipover.
(iii) Salamanders shall be assembled in accordance with the instructions
issued by the manufacturer.
(iv) The safeguards engineered into the product shall be maintained
and any replacement shall be equivalent thereto.
(v) Salamanders shall be stored in such a manner as to prevent
deterioration or damage to the unit.
(c) Operation.
(i) Manufacturers' instructions shall be followed by the user.
(ii) Each time a salamander is placed in operation it shall be
checked to insure that it is functioning properly. Its operation
shall be checked periodically thereafter.
(iii) When concentrations of carbon monoxide attain quantities
greater than 35 parts per million (0.0035 percent) to air volume
at employee breathing levels, the salamander shall be extinguished
unless additional natural or mechanical ventilation is provided
to reduce the carbon monoxide content to permissible limits.
(iv) Tests for presence of carbon monoxide shall be made by a
qualified person within 1 hour after the start of each shift and
at least every 3 hours thereafter. If concentrations of carbon
monoxide reach 20 parts per million to air volume, tests shall
be made more frequently to determine if there is a continuing
increase of carbon monoxide concentration.
(v) Records of all tests including the date, time, results obtained,
and person making tests, shall be maintained for the duration
of the project.
(vi) No persons shall be permitted to be within the area being
heated by the salamanders except under the following circumstances:
When tending the salamanders; when testing the atmosphere; or
in emergency situations.
(vii) No employee shall be permitted to enter the heated area
until notification is given to another person located outside.
Periodic checks shall be made to ensure the health and safety
of employees entering the heated area.
(viii) When a salamander is being used, the responsibility for
its operation and maintenance shall be assigned to a qualified
employee.
(ix) Salamanders shall not be moved, handled, or serviced while
hot or burning, or while component parts are hot to the touch.
(x) Salamanders, when in use, shall be set level with the horizontal
unless otherwise permitted by the manufacturer's markings. Salamanders
shall be designed so as not to tip over when placed on a surface
inclined 25° to the horizontal.
(xi) If equivalent protection and safety is afforded by alternative
design, the 25° limitation may be reduced.
(xii) Salamanders not suitable for use on wood floors shall not
be set directly upon them or other combustible materials. When
such salamanders are used they shall rest on suitable insulating
material or at least 1-inch concrete or equivalent. The insulating
material shall extend beyond the salamander 2 feet or more in
all directions.
(xiii) Salamanders used in the vicinity of tarpaulins, canvas,
or similar coverings shall be located a safe distance from coverings
and other combustible materials. The coverings shall be securely
fastened to prevent ignition of the covering or upsetting of the
salamanders due to wind action on the covering or other material.
(xiv) Salamanders in use shall be protected to prevent flame
extinguishment.
(d) Ventilation.
(i) Fresh air shall be supplied in sufficient quantities to maintain
the health and safety of employees. Where natural means for fresh
air supply is inadequate, mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
Particular attention shall be given to confined spaces and pockets
where heat and fumes may accumulate and employees may be present
(roof areas, peaks, basement).
(ii) When salamanders are used in confined spaces, special care
shall be taken to provide sufficient ventilation in order to assure
proper combustion, maintain the health and safety of employees,
and limit temperature rise in the area.
(e) Fueling.
(i) Salamanders shall be refueled only by a person trained in
such operations.
(ii) Only a 1 day's supply of heater fuel shall be stored inside
a building in the vicinity of the salamander. General fuel storage
shall be outside the structure.
(iii) All fuel storage shall be maintained a minimum of 25 feet
from source of ignition.
(f) Maintenance.
(i) The user shall comply with the maintenance instructions as
provided by the manufacturer.
(ii) Equipment showing evidence of deterioration or damage that
constitutes a safety or health hazard shall be removed from service.
(iii) Salamander repairs shall be performed in accordance with
the manufacturer's recommendations, and replacement parts shall
be equal to, the equivalent of, or the same as the original salamander
equipment.
For
printing