The purpose of this chapter is to define minimum requirements for the
prevention and control of hazards related to the possession, handling,
and use of explosives in order to:
Protect the safety and health
of the general public
Protect the safety and health
of explosive industry employees covered under the Washington Industrial
Safety and Health Act (chapter 49.17 RCW)
Develop, support, and maintain
safe and healthy use of explosives in Washington state.
(a) Explosives or blasting agents transported by railroad,
water, highway, or air under the jurisdiction of the Federal
Department of Transportation (DOT), the Washington state utilities
and transportation commission, and the Washington state patrol.
(b) Laboratories of schools, colleges, and similar institutions
if confined to the purpose of instruction or research and if
the quantity doesn't exceed one pound.
(c) Explosives in the forms prescribed by the official United
States Pharmacopoeia.
(d) The transportation, storage, and use of explosives or blasting
agents in the normal and emergency operations of:
The United States agencies and departments including the
regular United States military departments on military reservations
Arsenals, navy yards, depots, or other establishments owned
by, operated by, or on behalf of, the United States
The duly authorized
militia of any state
The emergency operations
of any state department or agency, any police or any municipality
or county
(e) A hazardous devices technician when they're carrying out:
Normal and emergency
operations
Handling evidence
Operating and maintaining
a specially designed emergency response vehicle that carries
no more than 10 pounds of explosive materials
When conducting training and whose employer possesses the
minimum safety equipment prescribed by the Federal Bureau
of Investigation (FBI) for hazardous devices work
Note: A hazardous devices technician is
a person who is a graduate of the FBI Hazardous Devices School
and who is employed by a state, county, or municipality.
(f) The importation, sale, possession, and use of fireworks,
signaling devices, flares, fuses, and torpedoes.
(g) Reserved.
(h) Any violation under this chapter if any existing ordinance
of any city, municipality, or county is more stringent.
(2) Noncommercial military explosives. Storage, handling,
and use of noncommercial military explosives are exempt from this
chapter while they're under the control of the United States government
or military authorities.
(3) Import, sale, possession, or use of:
Consumer fireworks
Signaling devices
Flares
Fuses
Torpedoes
(4) Consumer fireworks. Fireworks classified as Division 1.4
explosives by U.S. DOT and regulated through the State fireworks law (chapter
70.77 RCW) and the fireworks administrative code (chapter 212-17 WAC)
by the Washington state fire marshal.
Note: Consumer fireworks are classified as fireworks
UN0336 and UN0337 by U.S. DOT (49 CFR 72.101).
(5) Partial exemption--Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 display fireworks.
Display fireworks are fireworks classified as Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3
explosives by U.S. DOT . Users of Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 display fireworks
must comply with all storage or storage related requirements (for example,
licensing, construction, and use) of this chapter.
Note: Display fireworks are classified as fireworks
UN0333, UN0334, or UN0335 by U.S. DOT (49 CFR 172.101).
(6) Conditional exemption small arms explosive materials. Public
consumers possessing and using:
Black powder, under
5 pounds
Smokeless powder,
under 50 pounds
Small arms ammunition
Small arms ammunition primers
Unless these materials are possessed or used illegally or for a
purpose inconsistent with small arms use.
(1) Administration and enforcement. The director of labor and
industries administers and enforces all activities governed by the Washington
State Explosives Act through chapter 296-52 WAC using the full resources
of the department.
(2) Authority to enter, inspect, and issue penalties. The department
may enter and inspect any location, facility, or equipment and issue penalties
for any violation whenever the director has reasonable cause to think
there are:
Explosives
Blasting agents
Explosive materials
(3) Unlicensed activities. Whenever the director requests an
unlicensed person to surrender explosives, improvised devices, or their
component parts, he may request the attorney general to apply to the county
superior court in which the illegal practice was carried out for a temporary
restraining order or other appropriate assistance.
Acknowledges the legal obligation of other law enforcement agencies to
enforce specific aspects or sections of the Washington State Explosives
Act under local ordinances and with joint and shared authority granted
by RCW 70.74.201
Will cooperate with all other law enforcement agencies in carrying out
the intent of the Washington State Explosives Act and chapter 296-52 WAC
(2) Local government authorities.
(a) This chapter doesn't prevent local jurisdictions from adopting
and administering local regulations relating to explosives.
Examples of local jurisdictions/regulations include:
City or county government
explosive ordinances
Other government authorities
such as the Washington utilities and transportation commission,
the Washington state patrol, or Washington administrative codes.
(b) Local regulations must not diminish or replace any regulation of
this chapter.
Note: A nonmandatory sample-blasting ordinance for
local jurisdictions is included in Appendix B.
BASIC LEGAL OBLIGATIONS
WAC 296-52-60045
Responsibility to obtain an explosives license.
Anyone manufacturing, purchasing, selling, offering for sale, using,
possessing, transporting, or storing any explosive, improvised device,
or components intended to be assembled into an explosive or improvised
device must have a valid license issued by the department.
Upon notice from the department or any law enforcement agency having
jurisdiction, an unlicensed person manufacturing, offering for sale, selling,
possessing, purchasing, using, storing, or transporting any explosives,
improvised device, or components of explosives or improvised devices must
immediately surrender those explosive materials to the department or the
law enforcement agency having jurisdiction.
Explosives must not be handled by anyone under the influence of:
Alcohol
Narcotics
Prescription drugs and/or
narcotics that endanger the worker or others
Other dangerous drugs
Note: This chapter doesn't apply to persons
taking prescription drugs and/or narcotics as directed by a physician
provided their use will not endanger the blaster, workers, or
any other people.
(a) Will revoke and not renew the manufacturer, dealer, purchaser,
blaster, or storage license of any person as a result of a disqualifying
condition identified in WAC 296-52-61040, Applicant disqualifications.
(b) May revoke the license of any person who has:
(i) Repeatedly violated the requirements of this chapter
(ii) Had a license suspended twice under this chapter
(2) Suspension. The department may suspend the license
of any person for a period up to 6 months for any violation of
this chapter.
(3) Surrender. Revoked or suspended licenses must be surrendered
immediately to the department after the chapter violators have been notified.
An appeal of a citation, issued for a violation of a requirement of
this chapter, which results in a license suspension or revocation (WAC
296-52-60060) may be filed with the department.
(1) Magazines/buildings. Flame or flame producing devices
must not be ignited within 50 feet of any magazine or explosives
manufacturing building.
(2) Explosives handling.
(a) All sources of fire or flame, including smoking and matches,
are prohibited within 100 feet of the blast site while explosives
are being handled or used.
(b) Explosives must not be handled near:
(i) Open flames
(ii) Uncontrolled sparks
or
(iii) Energized electric circuits
(3) Fire incident precautions. In the event of a fire:
(a) All employees must be removed to a safe area
(b) The fire area must be guarded against intruders
(c) The fire must not be fought where there is danger of contact with
explosives.
Whenever blasting is being conducted in the vicinity of gas, electric,
water, fire alarm, telephone, telegraph, and steam utilities, the blaster
in charge must notify appropriate utility representatives:
(1) At least 24 hours in advance of blasting.
(2) Of the specific location and intended time of blasting.
(3) To confirm the verbal notice with a written notice.
(1) Explosive industry employers must comply with other applicable WISHA
requirements:
Chapter 296-800 WAC, Safety
and health core rules
Chapter 296-24 WAC, General
safety and health standards
Chapter 296-62 WAC, General
occupational health standards
Chapter 296-155 WAC, Safety
standards for construction
Other industry specific standards
that may apply
(2) Manufacturers of explosives or pyrotechnics must comply with WISHA
safety standards for process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals,
chapter 296-67 WAC.
The director may approve a variance from a chapter requirement pursuant
to RCW 49.17.080 or 49.17.090:
After an application for
a variance is received,
After the department has
conducted an investigation,
When conditions exist that
make the requirement impractical to use, and
When equivalent means of
protection are provided.
Note: Variance application forms may be obtained
from and should be submitted to: Department of Labor and Industries, WISHA
Services Division, Post Office Box 44650, Olympia, WA 98504-4650.
WAC 296-52-60125
Using standards from national organizations and federal agencies.
To be in compliance with WISHA rules, the information provided in this
section must be followed when safety and health standards from national
organizations and federal agencies are referenced in WISHA rules.
The edition of the standard specified in the WISHA rule must be used.
Any edition published after the edition specified in the WISHA rule may
be used.
Note: The federal and national consensus standards
referenced in the WISHA rules are available through the issuing organization
and the local or state library.
Is fully qualified, by means of training and experience in
explosives use
Is adequately trained, experienced, and capable of recognizing
hazardous conditions throughout the blast area
Is in charge of:
- The blast process
- All aspects of explosives and blasting agent storage,
handling, and use as recommended by the manufacturer and
as required by this chapter
Is in a position of authority:
- To take prompt corrective action in all areas of the
blast operation
- Over all other blasters at the blast site
Has a minimum of 5 missions under the supervision of a licensed
aerial blaster in charge
Successfully completes a written exam for aerial blaster in
charge.
Alien means any person who isn't a citizen or
national of the United States.
American Table of Distances means the American Table of
Distances for Storage of Explosives as revised and approved by
Institute of the Makers of Explosives (IME).
Approved storage facility means a facility for the storage of
explosive materials which is in compliance with the following chapter:
Storage licensing (WAC 296-52-660)
Storage of explosive materials
(WAC 296-52-690)
Magazine construction (WAC
296-52-700).
ATF means the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms
and Explosives.
Attended, as attending explosives, means the physical
presence of an authorized person within the field of vision of
explosives. The said attendant shall be awake, alert, and not
engage in activities which may divert their attention so that
in case of an emergency the attendant can get to the explosives
quickly and without interference, except for brief periods of
necessary absence, during which absence simple theft of explosives
isn't ordinarily possible.
Authorized, approved, or approval means authorized, approved,
or approval by:
The department
Any other approving agency
An individual as specified
in this chapter.
Authorized agent means a person delegated by a licensed purchaser,
who possesses a basic knowledge of explosives handling safety, to order
and receive explosives on the purchaser's behalf.
Authorized agent list means a current list of agents the purchaser
has authorized to order or receive explosives on their behalf.
Authorized person means a person approved or assigned by an employer,
owner, or licensee to perform a specific type of duty or be at
a specific location at the job site.
Avalanche means the sliding or falling of a
large amount of snow down a steep slope which has a destructive
force due to its mass.
Avalanche control pack meansa specifically designed
and constructed pack for carrying explosives.
Avalanche control route means a route or specific
path which is used by an authorized person in order to control
the occurrence of avalanches.
Avalauncher means a device like a cannon which
is used for avalanche control blasting. It has a rotating base
calibrated for pointing and the barrel is mounted on an elevating
mechanism. It uses a compressed gas to propel a projectile containing
an explosive charge and detonating means. The gas source is connected
to the gun by high pressure hose.
Barricades
Barricade means effectively
screening a building containing explosives by means of a natural or
artificial barrier from a magazine, another building, a railway, or
highway.
Artificial barricade
means a barricade of such height that a straight line from
the top of any sidewall of the building containing explosives
to the eave line of any magazine or other building or to a
point 12 feet above the center of a railway or highway shall
pass through such barrier, an artificial mound or properly
revetted wall of earth with a minimum thickness of 3 feet.
Natural barricade
means and natural hill, mound, wall, or barrier composed of
earth, rock, or other solid material at least 3 feet thick.
Blast area means the area of a blast that is effected
by:
Flying rock missiles
Gases
Concussion.
Blast pattern means the plan of the drill holes laid out and a
display of the burden distance, spacing distance, and their relationship
to each other.
Blast site means the area where explosive material is
handled during loading and 50 feet in all directions from loaded
blast holes or holes to be loaded.
Blaster means a person trained and experienced in the use of explosives
and licensed by the department.
Blaster in charge means a licensed blaster who is:
Fully qualified,
by means of training and experience in explosives use
Adequately trained,
experienced, and capable of recognizing hazardous conditions
throughout the blast area
In charge of:
The blast process
All aspects of
explosives and blasting agent storage, handling, and use
as recommended by the manufacturer and as required by this
chapter
In a position of authority.
To take prompt
corrective action in all areas of the blast operation
Over all other blasters at the blast area
Blaster's license means an individual license
issued by the department under the provisions of chapter 296-52
WAC.
Blasting agent means any material or mixture consisting of a fuel
and oxidizer:
That is intended
for blasting
Not otherwise defined
as an explosive
If the finished product,
as mixed for use or shipment, cannot be detonated by means
of a number 8 test blasting cap when unconfined
A number 8 test blasting cap is one containing 2 grams of
a mixture of eighty percent mercury fulminate and 20 percent
potassium chlorate, or a blasting cap of equivalent strength.
An equivalent strength cap comprises 0.40-0.45 grams of PETN
base charge pressed in an aluminum shell with bottom thickness
not to exceed 0.03 of an inch, to a specific gravity of not
less than 1.4 g/cc., and primed with standard weights of primer
depending on the manufacturer
Blasting cap or cap when used in connection
with the subject of explosives shall mean detonator.
Blockholing means the breaking of boulders by firing a
charge of explosives that has been loaded in a drill hole.
Buildings that aren't inhabited means a building(s)
which has on one in it while explosives are being made up in an
adjacent explosives makeup room or while explosives are being
held in an adjacent day box or hand charge storage facility.
Competent person means a person who:
Is capable of identifying
existing hazardous and the forecasting of hazards of working conditions
which might be unsanitary or dangerous to personnel or property
Has authorization to take
prompt corrective action to eliminate such hazards.
Consumer fireworks means:
Any small firework device:
Designed to produce visible
effects by combustion
That must comply with
the construction, chemical composition, and labeling regulations
of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (Title 16 CFR, Parts
1500 and 1507),
A small device designed to produce audible effects which include,
but aren't limited to:
Whistling devices
Ground devices containing
50 mg or less of explosive materials
erial devices containing
130 mg or less of explosive materials
Note: Fused set pieces containing components, which,
together, exceed 50 mg of salute powder are not included.
Conveyance means any unit used for transporting explosives or
blasting agents, including, but not limited to:
Trucks
Trailers
Rail cars
Barges
Vessels.
Day box means a box which:
Is a temporary storage facility
for storage of explosive materials
Isn't approved for
unattended storage of explosives
May be used at the worksite
during working hours to store explosive materials, provided the day
box is:
Constructed as required
(WAC 296-52-70065, Explosives day box),
Marked with the word “explosives”
Used in a manner that
safely separates detonators from other explosives
Guarded at all times against
theft
Dealer means any person who purchases explosives or blasting agents
for the sole purpose of resale and not for use or consumption.
Detonating cord means a round flexible cord containing a center
core of high explosive and used to initiate other explosives.
Detonator means any device containing any initiating
or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation and
includes, but isn't limited to:
Electric and electronic
detonators of instantaneous and delay types
Detonators for use with safety
fuses, detonating cord delay connectors, and nonelectric instantaneous
delay detonators which use detonating cord, shock tuhe, or any other
replacement for electric leg wires.
Discharge hose means a hose with an electrical resistance high
enough to limit the flow of stray electric currents to safe levels, but
not high enough to prevent drainage of static electric charges to the
ground. Hose not more than 2 megohms resistance over its entire length
and of not less than 5,000 ohms per foot meets the requirement.
Display fireworks means large fireworks:
Designed primarily to produce visible or audible effects by
combustion, deflagration, or detonation, and include, but are
not limited to:
Salutes containing
more than 2 grains (130 mg) of explosive materials
Aerial shells
containing more than 40 grams of pyrotechnic compositions
Other display
pieces, which exceed the limits of explosive materials for
classification as “consumer fireworks”
Fused set pieces containing components, which together
exceed 50 mg of salute powder
Dud means an unexploded deployed charge which
still has its initiation system in place.
Electric detonator means a blasting detonator designed for and
capable of detonation by means of electric current.
Electric blasting circuitry consists of these items:
Bus wire. An expendable
wire used in parallel or series, or in parallel circuits, which are
connected to the leg wires of electric detonators.
Connecting wire. An
insulated expendable wire used between electric detonators and the
leading wires or between the bus wire and the leading wires.
Leading wire. An insulated
wire used between the electric power source and the electric detonator
circuit.
Permanent blasting wire.
A permanently mounted insulated wire used between the electric power
source and the electric detonator circuit.
Electric delay detonators means detonators designed to detonate
at a predetermined time after energy is applied to the ignition
system.
Electronic detonator means a detonator that
utilizes stored electrical energy as a means of powering an electronic
timing delay element/module that provides initiation energy for
firing the base charge.
Emulsion means an explosive material containing:
Substantial amounts of oxidizer
dissolved in water droplets, surrounded by an immiscible fuel
Droplets of an immiscible
fuel surrounded by water containing substantial amounts of oxidizer.
Explosives means:
Any chemical compound or mechanical mixture:
Commonly intended or used
for the purpose of producing an explosion
That contains any oxidizing
and combustible units or other ingredients in proportions, quantities
or packing that an ignition by fire, friction, concussion, percussion,
or detonation of any part of the compound or mixture may cause sudden
generation of highly heated gases resulting in gaseous pressures
capable of producing destructive effects on contiguous objects or
of destroying life or limb
All material classified as
Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6 explosives by U.S. DOT
For the purposes
of public consumer use, the following aren't considered explosives
unless they are possessed or used for a purpose inconsistent
with small arms use or other legal purposes:
Small arms ammunition
Small arms ammunition primers
Smokeless powder,
not exceeding 50 pounds
Black powder, not
exceeding 5 pounds
Explosive actuated power devices means any tool or special mechanized
device, which is activated by explosives and does not include propellant
actuated power devices.
Explosives classifications. Explosives classifications include,
but are not limited to:
Division 1.1 and Division 1.2 explosives (possess mass explosion
or detonating hazard):
Dynamite
Nitroglycerin
Picric acid
Lead azide
Fulminate of mercury
Black powder (exceeding 5 pounds)
Detonators (in quantities of 1,001 or more)
Detonating primers
Division 1.3 explosives (possess a minor blast hazard, a minor
projection hazard, or a flammable hazard):
Propellant explosives
Smokeless powder (exceeding 50 pounds)
Division 1.4 explosives:
Explosives that present a minor explosion hazard
Includes detonators that will not mass detonate in quantities
of 1,000 or less
Division 1.5 explosives
Explosives with a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive
that there is little probability of initiation
ANFO and most other blasting agents in this division
Divsion 1.6 explosives:
Explosives that are extremely insensitive and don't have
a mass explosion hazard
Explosives exemption. The exemption for small arms ammunition,
small arms ammunition primers, smokeless powder, not exceeding
50 pounds, and black powder, not exceeding 5 pounds:
Applies to public
consumer use only
Doesn't apply to the employer employee relationship covered
under the Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act.
Explosives international markings.
The department will
accept U.S. DOT and/or ATF international identification markings
on explosives and/or explosives containers or packaging
This exception is
under the authority of RCW 70.74.020(3) and in lieu of Washington
state designated markings (as defined by RCW 70.74.010(4)
(Division 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3) and required by RCW 70.74.300).
Explosives manufacturing building means any building or structure,
except magazines:
Containing explosives where
the manufacture of explosives, or any processing involving explosives,
is conducted
Where explosives are used
as a component part or ingredient in the manufacture of any article
or device.
Explosives manufacturing plant means all lands with buildings
used:
In connection with the manufacturing
or processing of explosives
For any process involving
explosives
For the storage of explosives
To manufacture any article
or device where explosives are used as a compound part or ingredient
in the article or device.
Fireworks means any composition or device:
Designed to produce a visible
or an audible effect by combustion, deflagration, or detonation
Which meets the definition
of “consumer fireworks” or “display fireworks.”
Forbidden or not acceptable explosives means explosives which
are forbidden or not acceptable for transportation by common carriers
by rail freight, rail express, highway, or water in accordance with the
regulations of the Federal Department of Transportation (DOT).
Fuel means a substance, which may react with oxygen to produce
combustion.
Fuse (safety). See “safety fuse.”
Fuse igniter means a special pyrotechnic device intended
to be used to ignite safety fuses.
Hand charge means an explosive charge with a
cap and fuse assembly inserted in place.
Handler means any individual who handles explosives or blasting
agents for the purpose of transporting, moving, or assisting a licensed
blaster in loading, firing, blasting, or disposal.
Note: This doesn't include employees of
a licensed manufacturer engaged in manufacturing process, drivers
of common carriers, or contract haulers.
Hand loader means any person who engages in the noncommercial
assembly of small arms ammunition for personal use; specifically, any
person who installs new primers, powder, and projectiles into cartridge
cases.
Highway means roads, which are regularly and openly traveled by
the general public and includes public streets, alleys, roads, or privately
financed, constructed, or maintained roads.
Improvised device means a device, which is:
Fabricated with explosives
Fabricated with destructive,
lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals, and designed,
or has the capacity to disfigure, destroy, distract, and harass.
Inhabited building means:
A building which is regularly
occupied, in whole or in part, as a habitat for human beings
Any church, schoolhouse,
railroad station, store, or other building where people assemble.
Note: This doesn't mean any building or
structure occupied in connection with the manufacture, transportation,
storage, or use of explosives.
Low explosives means explosive materials, which can be caused
to deflagrate when, confined. This includes:
Black powder, safety fuses, igniters, igniter cords, fuse lighters,
and display fireworks defined as Division 1.2 or Division 1.3 explosives
by U.S. DOT (49 CFR Part 173).
Note: This doesn't apply to bulk salutes.
Magazine means any building, structure, or container approved
for storage of explosive materials.
Note: This doesn't apply to an explosive
manufacturing building.
Manufacturer means engaged in the business of manufacturing
explosive materials for purposes of sale or distribution or for
his or her own use.
Exemptions: The following exemptions are
restricted to materials and components, which are not classified
(by U.S. DOT) as explosives until after they are mixed. With this
restriction, the definition of manufacturer doesn't include:
Inserting
a detonator into a cast booster or a stick of high explosive product
to make a primer for loading into a blast hole
The
act of mixing on the blast site, either by hand or by mechanical apparatus,
binary components, ammonium nitrate, fuel oil, and/or emulsion products
to create explosives for immediate down blast hole delivery.
Misfire means the complete or partial failure of an explosive
charge to explode as planned.
Mudcap (also known as bulldozing and dobying) means covering
the required number of cartridges that have been placed on top
of a boulder with a 3 or 4-inch layer of mud, which is free from
rocks or other material that could cause a missile hazard.
No-light means the failure of a safety fuse
to ignite.
Nonelectric delay detonator means a detonator with an integral
delay element in conjunction with and capable of being detonated by a:
Detonation impulse
Signal from miniaturized
detonating cord
Shock tube.
Oxidizer means a substance that yields oxygen readily to stimulate
the combustion of organic matter or other fuel.
Person means any individual, firm, partnership, corporation, company,
association, person or joint stock association or trustee, receiver, assignee,
or personal representative of that entity.
Person responsible, for an explosives magazine, means:
The person legally responsible
for a magazine that actually uses the magazine
The person is responsible
for the proper storage, protection, and removal of explosives, and
may be the owner lessee, or authorized operator.
Portable (field) magazines means magazines that are:
Designed to be unattended
Not permanently fastened
to a foundation
Constructed or secured to
make sure they cannot be lifted, carried, or removed easily by unauthorized
persons
Limited to the capacity of
explosives required for efficient blasting operation
Approved and licensed.
Possess means the physical possession of explosives in one's hand,
vehicle, magazine, or building.
Primary blasting means the blasting operation that dislodged
the original rock formation from its natural location.
Primer means a unit, package, cartridge, or container of explosives
inserted into or attached to a detonator or detonating cord to initiate
other explosives or blasting agents.
Propellant actuated power device means any tool, special mechanized
device, or gas generator system, which is actuated by a propellant and
releases and directs work through a propellant charge.
Public utility transmission systems means:
Any publicly owned systems regulated by:
The utilities and transportation commission
Municipalities
Other public regulatory agencies, which include:
Power transmission lines over 10 kV, telephone cables, or microwave
transmission systems
Buried or exposed pipelines carrying water, natural gas, petroleum,
or crude oil or refined products and chemicals
Purchaser means any person who buys, accepts, or receives explosives
or blasting agents.
Pyrotechnics, commonly referred to as fireworks, means any combustible
or explosive compositions or manufactured articles designed and prepared
for the purpose of producing audible or visible effects.
Qualified person means a person who has successfully demonstrated
the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to explosives, explosives
work, or explosives projects by:
Possession of a recognized
degree or certificate
Professional standing
Extensive knowledge, training,
and experience.
Railroad means any type of railroad equipment that carries passengers
for hire.
Safety fuse (for firing detonators) means a flexible cord containing
an internal burning medium by which fire is conveyed at a continuous and
uniform rate.
Secondary blasting means using explosives, mudcapping, or blockholing
to reduce oversize material to the dimension required for handling.
Shock tube means a small diameter plastic tube:
Used for initiating detonators
That contains a limited amount
of reactive material so energy, transmitted through the tube by means
of a detonation wave, is guided through and confined within the walls
of the tube.
Small arms ammunition means any shotgun, rifle, pistol, or revolver
cartridge, and cartridges for propellant actuated power devices and industrial
guns.
Note: This doesn't mean military type ammunition
containing explosive bursting incendiary, tracer, spotting, or
pyrotechnic projectiles.
Small arms ammunition primers means small percussion sensitive
explosive charges encased in a detonator or capsule used to ignite propellant
power or percussion detonators used in muzzle loaders.
Smokeless powder means solid chemicals or solid chemical mixtures
that function by rapid combustion.
Special industrial explosive devices means explosive actuated
power devices and propellant-actuated power devices.
Special industrial explosives materials means shaped materials
and sheet forms and various other extrusions, pellets, and packages of
high explosives, which include:
Dynamite
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
(PETN)
Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-s-triazine
(RDX)
Other similar compounds used
for high energy rate forming, expanding, and shaping in metal fabrication,
and for dismemberment and quick reduction of scrap metal.
Springing means the creation of a pocket in the bottom of a drill
hole by the use of a moderate quantity of explosives so that larger quantities
of explosives may be inserted.
Sprung hole means a drilled hole that has been enlarged by a moderate
quantity of explosives to allow for larger quantities of explosives to
be inserted into the drill hole.
Stemming means a suitable inert incombustible material or device
used to confine or separate explosives in a drill hole or cover explosives
in mudcapping.
Trailer means semi-trailers or full trailers, as defined by U.S.
DOT, which are:
Built for explosives
Loaded with explosives
Operated in accordance with
U.S. DOT regulations.
U.S. DOT means the United States Department of Transportation.
Vehicle means any car, truck, tractor, semi-trailer, full trailer,
or other conveyance used for the transportation of freight.
Water-gels or emulsion explosives. These explosives:
Comprise a wide variety of materials used for blasting. Two broad
classes of water-gels are those which:
Are sensitized by material classed as an explosive, such as TNT
or smokeless powder
Contain no ingredient classified as an explosive which are sensitized
with metals, such as aluminum, or other fuels
Contain substantial proportions of water and high proportions of ammonium
nitrate, some ammonium nitrate is in the solution in the water, and
may be mixed at an explosives plant, or the blast site immediately before
delivery into the drill hole.
For
printing