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WAC
296-305-06515 Hose drying towers.
(1) The floor openings on hose tower platforms shall be equipped
with a forty-two inch guardrail with mid-rail and shall be capable
of withstanding a force of 250 pounds applied in any direction
at any point on the top rail. The work platform shall be equipped
with toeboards.
(2) The requirements for offset ladder platforms and ladder cage
guards, when ladders extend beyond twenty feet, shall apply to
hose drying towers.
(3) Ropes and attachments used to hoist hose in the hose towers
shall have a breaking strength of 1500 pounds for a safe load
strength of 300 pounds (five-to-one safety factor).
(4) Approved head protection shall be worn by all persons in
the hose tower whenever hose handling/hanging operations are taking
place.
(5) Ropes utilizing a pulley block shall be appropriately sized
for the sheave to prevent possible jamming or damage to the rope.
Additional reference:
Chapter 296-24 WAC, Part J-1 and chapter 296-800 WAC.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
.040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-305-06515, filed 05/09/01,
effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].050
and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-06515, filed 5/10/96, effective
1/1/97; Order 77-20, § 296-305-06515, filed 10/18/77 and Emergency
Order 77-24, filed 11/17/77, effective 12/17/77.]
WAC
296-305-06517 Drill tower training facilities.
(1) Permanent fixed ladders on the outside of drill towers and
drill buildings are exempt from the requirements of offset platform
landings and ladder cage guards.
(2) Drill tower construction and operations shall comply with
the following:
(a) Burn buildings used for live fire training shall be engineered
for such use.
(b) Drill towers shall not be used for live fire training except
when burn rooms are provided.
(c) Burn rooms, if included in the building, shall be engineered
into drill towers.
(d) All walking surfaces in the drill tower shall be slip resistant.
(e) Railings shall be designed with a four-to-one safety ratio
for 250 pound fire fighters who may be operating a charged hose
line on the fire escape.
(f) Rappelling anchors shall be engineered to support 4500
pounds per person supported by the anchor.
(g) Rappelling anchors shall be readily identifiable.
(h) Rappelling anchors shall be certified by a structural engineer.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-06517, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040
and 49.17.050. 83-24-013 (Order 83-34), § 296-305-06517, filed
11/30/83; Order 77-20, § 296-305-06517, filed 10/18/77 and Emergency
Order 77-24, filed 11/17/77, effective 12/17/77.]
WAC
296-305-06519 Fire station equipment and tools.
(1) Equipment and tools in maintenance shops shall be guarded
as required by the guarding provisions of chapter 296-806 WAC,
Machine safety, and chapter 296-807, Portable power tools.
(2) Exposure of fan blades. When the periphery of the blades
of a fan is less than ten feet above the floor or working level,
the blades shall be guarded. The guard shall have openings no
larger than one-half inch. This provision shall not apply to residential
ceiling fans.
(3) Abrasive wheels and grinders.
(a) All abrasive wheels and grinders, shall be guarded as required
by chapter 296-806 WAC, Machine safety.
(b) Goggles or face shields shall be used when grinding.
(c) Abrasive and composite blades shall be stored and protected
against exposure to fuel and oil.
(d) Work rests on bench mounted abrasive wheel grinders shall
be used to support the work. These shall be of rigid construction
and designed to be adjustable to compensate for wheel wear.
Work rests shall be kept adjusted sufficiently close to the
wheel with a maximum opening of one-eighth inch to prevent the
work from being jammed between the wheel and the rest. Adjustment
of the work rest shall not be made while the wheel is turning.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
.040, .050, and .060. 04-14-028 (Order 01-12), § 296-305-06519,
filed 06/29/04, effective 01/01/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-06519, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97.]
WAC
296-305-07001 Wildland fire operations.
(1) This section shall apply to all personnel and agencies called
on to provide services at any fire defined as a “wildland
fire.”
(2) This section shall not apply to suppression action taken
on fires prior to the fire meeting the definition of a “wildland
fire.”
(3) Employers shall provide at no cost to the employee, the protective
equipment and protective clothing required by this chapter. Personnel
performing suppression actions on a wildland fire shall wear the
provided protective clothing as directed by their fire department's
procedures/guidelines.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07001, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17
RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-305-07001, filed 7/6/88. Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.040 and 49.17.050. 83-24-013 (Order 83-34),
§ 296-305-07001, filed 11/30/83; Order 77-20, § 296-305-07001,
filed 10/18/77 and Emergency Order 77-24, filed 11/17/77, effective
12/17/77.]
WAC
296-305-07003 Personal protective clothing and equipment for
wildland fire fighting.
(1) Protective apparel and equipment for wildland fire fighters
shall be designed to provide thermal protection for the fire fighters
against external heat sources with flame resistant clothing and
equipment without creating high heat stress loads due to the prolonged
work periods they experience. Members performing suppression on
a wildland fire shall wear a provided protective clothing ensemble
as directed by their employer. The combined protective clothing
ensemble includes:
(a) Hardhat/helmet
(b) Upper and lower torso clothing
(c) Gloves
(d) Goggles
NFPA Standard Protective Clothing and Equipment for Wildland
Fire fighting 1977, 1993 edition shall serve as a guideline
for determining performance characteristics of this clothing.
(2) As a minimum, members shall wear provided leather lace-up
boots of sturdy construction which shall extend upward a minimum
of 8 inches above the top of the sole, which shall be slip resistant.
(3) Additional personal protective equipment to be provided and
worn shall include a fire shelter as directed by the incident
commander.
(4) Wildland protective clothing shall comply with this standard
within two years of the effective date of this chapter.
(5) Personnel operating Type 1 or Type 2 engines assigned to
structural protection will carry structural protective clothing
on their assigned apparatus.
(6) Wildland personnel protective clothing shall not be used
for interior structural fire fighting.
(7) Persons provided fire shelters shall be trained in their
use and shall receive refresher training at least annually.
(8) Personnel wearing full structural fire fighting clothing
while engaged in fighting wildland fires shall not expend more
than one hour before rotating to rest and rehabilitation. Agencies
may rotate crews to avoid the one-hour benchmark when containing
and controlling wildland fires.
(9) Fire departments shall establish written procedures for the
care, use, maintenance, and retirement criteria for protective
equipment in conjunction with the manufacturers' recommendations.
(10) Fire departments shall establish written procedures for
the use of protective clothing and protective equipment while
performing fire fighting activities.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07003, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17
RCW. 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-305-07003, filed 7/6/88. Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.040 and 49.17.050. 83-24-013 (Order 83-34),
§ 296-305-07003, filed 11/30/83; Order 77-20, § 296-305-07003,
filed 10/18/77 and Emergency Order 77-24, filed 11/17/77, effective
12/17/77.]
WAC
296-305-07005 Respiratory protection for wildland fire fighters.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07005, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040
and 49.17.050. 83-24-013 (Order 83-34), § 296-305-07005, filed
11/30/83; Order 77-20, § 296-305-07005, filed 10/18/77 and Emergency
Order 77-24, filed 11/17/77, effective 12/17/77.]
WAC
296-305-07007 Wildland personnel accountability.
(1) Wildland fire fighters shall not be required to wear personal
alerting devices except when wearing self contained respiratory
equipment.
(2) An officer shall maintain positive communication with any
individual during those times that the member is assigned an ancillary
fire fighting task (examples would include, but are not limited
to, scout, safety officer, or watch person).
(3) Wildland fire fighters shall work in teams of two or more
while working on or near the fire line of an active fire unless
they are in visual or voice contact with an officer.
(4) On initial attack fires, the incident commander shall:
(a) Maintain the name and location of all personnel on the
incident.
(b) On extended attack fires, ensure the maintenance of the
name and location of all personnel within their unit, division,
or branch.
(c) Transfer/confirm personnel and unit information to the
appropriate incident command section (ICS) command staff as
soon as possible.
(d) Ensure that personnel and unit information is recorded
in the command post as soon as possible.
(5) When a fire “blows up” or makes a run that crosses
planned control lines, officers shall conduct an accounting of
all personnel assigned to fire suppression and report any missing
personnel to the incident commander.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07007, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040
and 49.17.050. 83-24-013 (Order 83-34), § 296-305-07007, filed
11/30/83; Order 77-20, § 296-305-07007, filed 10/18/77 and Emergency
Order 77-24, filed 11/17/77, effective 12/17/77.]
WAC
296-305-07009 Apparatus standards for wildland fire fighting.
This section applies to wildland fire apparatus meeting the
NIIMS ICS typing of a Type 3 through Type 7 engine, and intended
for use combating fires occurring in natural vegetation or occurring
in natural vegetation and threatening improvements. See Appendix
D for equipment types.
(1) In a wildland fire, an engine may provide the primary protection
for a crew in the event of unexpected fire behavior or an action
that places the engine crew in a position of being exposed to
heat and smoke.
(2) Apparatus speed shall be determined to be safe if in the
judgment of the officer in charge, the following are taken into
consideration:
(a) The particular wildland fire attack methods being utilized
including, but not limited to the nature of the fire, the type
of terrain, weather conditions, equipment conditions, and whether
personnel are positioned in wildland fire fighting enclosures;
(b) The forgoing provision shall not relieve a driver from
the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons
in all conditions;
(c) Nor shall such provision protect the driver from the consequences
of his/her reckless disregard for the safety of others.
(3) Because of the sheltering offered by an engine, the following
minimum standards shall be complied with:
(a) The number of individuals working/assigned as an engine
crew shall not exceed the manufacturer's cab capacity.
(b) Any time an engine is moved when not directly attacking
a fire, personnel shall ride in the vehicle's enclosed cabin
area, in a seat-belted location, or be off the vehicle.
(c) Any time engines are used in a mobile attack configuration,
and personnel other than the driver are on the apparatus, personnel
shall ride in the manufacturer's enclosed cabin, or use the
personnel restraints and enclosures identified in WAC 296-305-07011.
(d) All personnel working on or around engines in a ground
mobile attack mode or in riding positions shall have visual
or voice contact with the driver.
(e) Vehicles operating in smoke or dust shall have their headlights,
and if so equipped, a flashing or rotating roof light illuminated.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07009, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97; Order 77-20, § 296-305-07009, filed
10/18/77 and Emergency Order 77-24, filed 11/17/77, effective
12/17/77.]
WAC
296-305-07011 Occupant restraints and enclosures for wildland
fire fighting.
(1) While in motion, the driver and passengers in the cab shall
wear seatbelts.
(2) Seatbelts shall comply with U.S. Department of Transportation,
Part 49 CFR, Section 571, Standards 209 and 210.
(3) Passengers on wildland vehicles shall use a safety belt or
a short lanyard securely connected to the apparatus.
(a) Safety belts or lanyards shall be secured to an anchorage
or structural member capable of supporting a minimum dead weight
of 1500 pounds per person or a 4:1 safety factor.
(b) Safety lanyard lengths shall not allow for the fire fighter
to reach the ground.
(4) Safety belts shall be constructed and maintained in compliance
with ANSI A10.14-1975.
(5) Lanyards shall be a minimum of one-half inch nylon or equivalent
with a nominal breaking strength of 5400 pounds.
(6) The structural components for wildland vehicle enclosures
shall be constructed of metal tubing not less than 1 inch in diameter,
capable of supporting a minimum of 1500 pounds per person, a 4:1
safety ratio or the equivalent. This applies to vehicle enclosures
manufactured after the effective date of this chapter.
(7) The enclosure shall be constructed to a minimum toprail height
of forty-two inches and shall include a midrail and either a toeboard
at least four inches high or a bottom rail a maximum of six inches
from the platform.
(8) Access door(s) and latching mechanisms to tail board enclosures
shall be constructed and mounted to achieve structural integrity
comparable to the remainder of the enclosure.
(9) A strap or butt-bar utilized for the fourth side of the enclosure
shall be a minimum of a four-inch nylon strap capable of supporting
1500 pounds dead weight.
(10) Fire fighters while actively fighting a fire in the mobile
attack mode shall remain in a three-sided enclosure and use a
safety lanyard. When actively fighting a fire in the mobile attack
mode, fire fighters shall remain in a four-sided enclosure but
the use of a lanyard is optional and should follow the fire department's
operating procedures.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07011, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97.]
WAC
296-305-07013 Equipment for wildland fire fighting.
Note: Equipment is considered in this section
as those items not configured as a part or portion of the vehicle
body.
(1) All equipment on an apparatus shall be carried in an enclosed
compartment or otherwise securely mounted on the apparatus and
guarded, so that individuals can not accidentally come in contact
with equipment that may injure them.
(2) All hand tools, when not in use, shall have appropriate covers
and guards to prevent injury.
(3) Wildland fire fighters whose duties require them to operate
a power chain saw shall wear flexible ballistic nylon pads, sewn
or otherwise fastened into the trousers, or other equivalent protection
that shall protect the vulnerable areas of the legs. Additional
trouser, eye, hearing, face and head protection as required by
this chapter shall be worn.
(4) Employees shall not use the chainsaw to cut directly overhead,
or at a distance that would require the operator to relinquish
a safe grip on the saw.
(5) Only personnel trained in firing equipment shall handle and
use such equipment, and observe the manufacturers' recommendations.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07013, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97.]
WAC
296-305-07015 Aircraft operations for fighting wildland fires.
(1) Whenever fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft are being utilized
on an incident, personnel trained in air operations management
shall be assigned by the incident commander/operations section
chief.
(2) Prior to the initiation of air operations, all personnel
operating in close proximity to an air drop shall be notified
of such activity.
(3) Personnel shall not intentionally operate in an area where
it can reasonably be expected that they may be hit with retardants
or suppressants from fixed wing or rotary aircraft.
(4) Radio communications shall be maintained between an aircraft/air
attack officer and the appropriate ground officer.
(5) Personnel assigned to ride in rotary wing aircraft shall
be briefed in the correct approach, riding and off-loading procedures
for the particular type of aircraft.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07015, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97.]
WAC
296-305-07017 First-aid for wildland fire fighters.
(1) At all wildland fires, members shall be provided with a minimum
of one quart per two-hour time period of electrolyte drinks or
potable water.
(2) Officers at wildland fires shall be trained in the symptoms
of heat-related disorders and shall observe their crews for such
behavior. Appropriate action shall be taken in the event a crew
member displays such symptoms.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07017, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97.]
WAC
296-305-07019 Training for wildland fire fighting.
(1) This section shall apply to all personnel and agencies called
on to provide services at any fire defined as a “wildland
fire.”
(2) This section shall not apply to suppression actions taken
on fires prior to the fire meeting the definition of a “wildland
fire.”
(3) Suppression personnel assigned to a wildland fire shall be
trained to a NWCG Fire Fighter level II or a comparable class
of training.
(a) “Comparable” training shall be determined by
the employer.
(b) Nothing in this section shall preclude the use of local
residents, affected parties or contracted fire fighting resources
to suppress wildland fires if they are under the direct supervision
of a qualified fire line officer.
(4) Supervisory personnel shall be trained to a level commensurate
to the position and responsibility they are to assume.
(5) All personnel will be trained and capable of demonstrating
competency in utilizing the Incident Command System (ICS).
(6) All suppression personnel shall annually review the Standard
Operating Safety Procedures. See Appendix D.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-07019, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97.]
WAC
296-305-08000 Appendices. These appendices are nonmandatory
and are included to reference and information purposes only.
Appendix
A -- Recommended cleaning procedures for protective turnout
clothing and station uniforms.
(1) Protective clothing should be washed separately from other
garments.
(2) Do not use chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite) as this
will adversely affect the tear strength of your protective clothing
and lessen its life. Oxygenated bleaches such as Liquid Clorox
II, and Vivid may be used.
(3) Protective clothing may be spot treated or pretreated for
hard to remove stains with products such as liquid Spray and Wash,
liquid Tide, liquid dishwashing detergent or liquid Shout.
Note: The use of brand names is intended
only to indicate a type of cleaning agent. All products listed
by name must be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Use of a brand name does not constitute an endorsement nor does
omission of a particular product brand imply that a product is
inferior. Solvents should not be used as they lesson the life
of the garment, reduce visibility on the trim, and degrade leather.
(4) When pretreating or spot treating a garment, apply the detergent
onto the soiled area. Gently rub the fabric together until a light
foam appears on the surface. Use a soft bristle brush (toothbrush
type) and scrub the area for about one and one-half minutes. Reapply
liquid detergent onto the soiled area and place the garment into
the washing machine.
(5) When cleaning turnout clothing the garment should be turned
inside out, the hooks and dees fastened, the liner removed, and
the garment placed in a laundry bag. These instructions can be
used for cleaning any wash loads in a large capacity (sixteen
gallon) top loading or front loading machine. Load the machine
with any one of the following combinations - do not overload:
(a) One protective coat and one pair of trousers.
(b) Two protective coats.
(c) Two protective pair of trousers.
Note: Heavily soiled garments should be
treated as outlined in (4).
(6) While the washing machine is filling with hot water (temperature
between 120 degrees F and 130 degrees F), add one-half cup (four
ounces) of liquid oxygenated bleach and one cup (eight ounces)
of liquid detergent.
(a) Fill washing machine to highest water level,
(b) Add garments to be washed,
(c) Set washing machine for normal cycle, cotton white, or
similar setting.
(d) Machines should be programmed for a double rinse. If the
machine will not automatically double rinse, a complete second
cycle can be run without adding detergent or oxygenated bleach.
Double rinse helps remove any residual dirt and ensures detergent
removal.
(e) Remove garments from washing machine when done and dry
by hanging in a shaded area that receives good cross ventilation,
or hang on a line and use a fan to circulate air. A water extractor
may be utilized.
(f) After the garments have been removed, run the laundry machine
empty or with a dummy (rag) load with detergent at least once;
but preferably several times to purge the machine of any residue.
(7) Inspect and examine the trim as to the effectiveness of the
trim performance under daytime and nighttime conditions. It is
important that a high visibility be maintained at all possible
orientations to the light source.
(8) The above procedures can be used for any article of clothing
issued that is not contaminated with bloodborne pathogens or any
other infectious disease. For clothing exposed to hazardous materials,
consult the manufacturer or the appropriate decontamination document.
(9) Procedure for clothing (except wool clothing) that has been
exposed to bloodborne pathogens or infectious diseases.
(a) Disposable gloves should be used when handling contaminated
clothing.
(b) Each station should have an area designated for the cleaning
of equipment. The area designated should not be near kitchen,
living, sleeping, or personal hygiene areas.
(c) Contaminated clothing should be handled as little as possible
with a minimum of agitation. Contaminated clothing should be
cleaned as soon as possible. When the on-coming shift has to
clean contaminated clothing for the off-going shift, all contaminated
clothing should be stored in red biohazard bags, properly sealed
to prevent the spread of potential contamination.
(d) To clean clothing that has been contaminated, a germicidal
detergent should be used. Such germicidal should be EPA approved
and effective as staphylocidal, pseudomonacidial, virucidal,
and fungicicial detergent.
(e) The germicidal detergent is intended to be a complete disinfecting
and cleaning agent when mixed according to the manufacturer's
directions. Do not add any chemical or detergent to the germicidal
solution. After the clothing has been disinfected the clothing
should be washed as outlined under normal use.
(f) Wool uniforms should be spot cleaned, placed in the red
biohazard bags and sent to an industrial laundry for cleaning.
(10) Helmets, gloves, hoods, and boots should be cleaned as follows:
(a) Preclean using a germicidal solution and scrub all contaminated
areas with a soft bristled brush. Rinse with clean water. Dispose
of the precleaning solution by pouring it down the drain in
the cleaning area.
(b) Using a fresh germicidal solution, repeat the above procedure
allowing the areas to remain wet for a minimum of fifteen minutes.
Double rinse with clean water and air dry. Dispose of the solution
by pouring it down the drain in the cleaning area.
(c) For gloves, use a third fresh water rinse, squeezing and
rinsing several times. Dispose of the solution by pouring it
down the drain in the cleaning area.
(11) Front loading industrial laundry machines are designed for
the type of cleaning required for protective clothing. Machines
are available from Milnor, Model 30015C6M-AAC, for washing; or
a Huabsch Originator, Model 3705H, for a dryer.
Note: The use of brand names is intended
only to indicate a type of cleaning equipment. All products listed
by name must be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Use of a brand name does not constitute an endorsement nor does
omission of a particular product brand imply that a product is
inferior.
DECISION-MAKING
PROCESS (pdf)
PPE Cleaning and Decontamination Decision-Making Process
Appendix
B --Life safety ropes.
(1) Life safety rope may be significantly weakened by abrasion,
misuse, contamination, wear, and stresses approaching its breaking
strength, particularly impact loading. Since there are no approved
methods to service test a rope without compromising its strength,
rope rescue and training operations should be carefully observed
and monitored for conditions that could cause immediate failure
or result in undetectable damage to the rope.
(2) If a rope has been used in a situation that could not be
supervised or where potential damage may have occurred, it must
be removed from service and destroyed.
(3) It is important that ropes be inspected for signs of wear
by qualified individuals after each use. If indication of wear
or damage are noted, or if the rope has been stressed in excess
of the manufacturer's recommendation or impact loaded, it must
be destroyed.
(4) The destruction of the rope means that it must be removed
from service and altered in such a manner that it could not be
mistakenly used as a life safety rope. This alteration could include
disposing of the rope, or removal of identifying labels and attachments,
and cutting the rope into short lengths that could be used for
utility purposes.
(5) The assignment of “disposable” life safety ropes
to members or to vehicles has proved to be an effective system
to manage ropes that are provided for emergency use and are used
infrequently. Special rescue teams, which train frequently and
use large quantities of rope, should include members who are qualified
to manage and evaluate the condition of their ropes and determine
the limitations upon their reuse.
Appendix
C -- Decontamination.
(1) A decontamination area should be established whenever civilians
or fire department personnel have had known or suspected exposure
to toxic chemicals.
(2) Such decontamination areas should be established before any
personnel are allowed to enter the “Hot” zone.
(3) The decontamination area should be set up using the following
guidelines:
(a) The decontamination area should be located uphill, upwind
and at a right angle to the “Hot” zone.
(b) The decontamination area entry/exit point and boundaries
should be clearly marked using flagging tape, ropes, cones,
etc.
(4) Visqueene should be spread on the ground in the decontamination
area to control runoff.
(5) The decontamination process is divided into stations. In
most cases it will not be necessary to utilize all the stations.
The decision to use all or part of the stations should be based
on the following factors:
(a) The hazards associated with the product involved.
(b) The estimated levels of contamination.
(c) The type of protective equipment worn by contaminated responders.
(d) Recommendations from outside sources such as, but not limited
to CHEMTREC, the agency for toxic substance and disease registry,
poison control centers or the manufacturer of the product.
(6) The following is a list of all the stations in a nine-step
decontamination area set up for a worst case scenario involving
a hazardous materials response team member whose chemical suit
has been breached:
(a) Station #1 - Segregated equipment drop: Contaminated equipment
that will be used again in the “Hot” zone, disposed
of, or decontaminated at a later time or place, will be deposited
here.
(b) Station #2 - Wash/rinse: Entry personnel will be washed
with appropriate decontamination solution and rinsed with water
by attendant(s) to remove gross contamination. This station
may consist of multiple wash/rinse steps depending on the severity
of the hazards involved.
(c) Station #3 - Outer protective clothing removal: Attendant(s)
will remove the outer protective clothing from entry personnel
being cautious to avoid touching the inside of the suit while
removing it. Protective clothing that has been removed at this
step shall be placed in an overpack or other appropriate container
for later testing and further decontamination, if needed.
(d) Station #4 - Removal of SCBA: The entry personnel are assisted
in removing their SCBA by an attendant. The SCBA facepiece should
be left in place and the low pressure hose held away from any
potentially contaminated inner clothing.
(e) Station #5 - Removal of inner clothing: All clothing worn
inside the suit must be removed in cases where the suit has
been penetrated and the entry personnel are contaminated.
(f) Station #6 - Personal shower: Entry personnel should wash
and rinse entire body with mild soap and water. Contain runoff
water if possible, however this is an emergency situation and
containment is secondary to removing contaminants from personnel.
(g) Station #7 - Drying off: Entry personnel that have showered
should dry off using towels or whatever is available. Items
used should be placed in an appropriate container for disposal.
Emergency clothing such as disposable coveralls should be provided.
(h) Station #8 - Medical evaluation: Entry personnel should
be evaluated by paramedics - checking vital signs including
temperature and level of consciousness. Records of the evaluation
must be kept and given to the team safety officer to be included
in the members exposure records.
(i) Station #9 - Transport to emergency room: Any personnel
exhibiting any signs or symptoms of exposure should be transported
to the emergency room for evaluation and observation.
(7) The hazardous materials response team van should carry premeasured
packets of decontamination solution mixes for the purpose of decontaminating
chemical protective clothing and other equipment at the scene
of a hazardous materials emergency. These solutions are not to
be used to decontaminate turnouts or exposed skin under any circumstances.
(8) The primary solution used will be a simple detergent and
water mixture. Other special decontamination solution mixes will
only be used in those situations when it is determined that the
detergent and water solution is inappropriate.
(9) Contaminated civilians that are exhibiting signs or symptoms
of exposure should be treated as patients. Due to the risk of
secondary contamination, all patients should undergo emergency
field decontamination at the scene before being evaluated by medical
personnel or being transported to the emergency room. Medical
personnel should not accept any patient that has not been grossly
decontaminated.
(10) The emergency field decontamination process should consist
of removing the clothing from all affected body parts of the exposed
person and flushing with copious quantities of water from a garden
hose or low pressure one and three-quarter inch handline to remove
gross contamination. Patients will be flushed for up to fifteen
minutes, depending on the material recommendations on patient
decontamination.
(11) Members performing patient decontamination should wear,
at a minimum, full turnouts and SCBA and should avoid splashes
and overspray to the extent possible. They should also undergo
decontamination when they have finished decontaminating the patient.
(12) Containment of the runoff water from patient decontamination
is not required. Do not delay decontamination of patients to set
up containment. However, some form of privacy screen should be
erected to protect the modesty of those being decontaminated.
(13) Responders that are contaminated in the process of performing
rescue or other tasks will, at the minimum, be flushed with water
for a minimum of one minute. Further flushing will be performed
depending on the extent of contamination and subsequent adverse
health effects.
Appendix
D--Wildland Fire Fighting Equipment Typings.
Ten standard fire orders
Fight fire aggressively
but provide for safety first.
Initiate all action
based on current and expected fire behavior.
Recognize current weather
conditions and obtain forecasts.
Ensure instructions
are given and understood.
Obtain current information
on fire status.
Remain in communication
with crew members, your supervisor, and adjoining forces.
Determine safety zones
and escape routes.
Establish lookouts
in potentially hazardous situations.
Retain control at all
times.
Stay alert, keep calm,
think clearly, act decisively.
Four common denominators
of tragedy fires
1. Small fires or
relatively quiet sectors of large fires.
2. Light fuels.
3. Steep slopes.
4. Change in wind
speed and/or direction.
“Watch Out” Situations
1. Fire not scouted
and sized up.
2. In country not
seen in daylight.
3. Safety zones and
escape routes not identified.
4. Unfamiliar with
weather and local factors influencing fire behavior.
5. Uninformed on
strategy, tactics and hazards.
6. Instructions and
assignments not clear.
7. No communication
link with crew members or supervisor.
8. Constructing line
without safe anchor point.
9. Building fire
line downhill with fire below.
10. Attempting frontal
assault on fire.
11. Unburned fuel
between you and fire.
12. Cannot see main
fire, not in contact with someone who can.
13. On a hillside
where rolling material can ignite fuel below.
14. Weather becoming
hotter and drier.
15. Wind increases
and/or changes direction.
16. Getting frequent
spot fires across line.
17. Terrain and fuels
make escape to safety zones difficult.
18. Taking nap near
fire line.
National Wildlife Coordinating Group Fire Fighter II Performance
Tasks
1. Agency policy
for wildfires.
2. Extended attack
fire orientation and dispatch.
3. Inmate orientation.
4. Fire line organization.
5. Tools and equipment.
6. Firing devices.
7. Wildland water
delivery systems and pump use.
8. Introduction to
wildland fire behavior.
9. Fire line safety.
10. Size up and initial
attack.
11. Fire line construction.
12. Wildland fire
investigation.
13. Structure protection.
14. Use of foam.
15. Mop up.
16. Compass use.
17. Map use.
18. Radio communications.
19. Incident command
system.
20. Basic first-aid.
21. Hazardous materials
awareness.
Appendix
E--Standard apparatus operation communications.
When fire fighters ride in the tiller's seat or other remote
location, an electrical signal or voice communication should be
installed between the tiller's seat, work station, and driver's
compartment.
(1) These signals should be used between the driver and the fire
fighters:
(a) One long buzz means stop;
(b) Two buzzes mean forward;
(c) Three buzzes mean reverse.
(2) Before any of the above functions are undertaken, with the
exception of stopping, the same signal must be both sent and received.
The driver should not act without sending and receiving a confirming
signal.
(3) When using hand signals, these signals are as follows:
STOP
Hold
hand to the side, shoulder high, exposing
palm
to the driver. At night, hold hands in the
same
manner, with the addition of a flashlight
in
one hand shining at the driver. This will
indicate
and immediate STOP
RIGHT
OR LEFT
Point
in the desired direction with one hand
and
motion in a circular “come-on” gesture with the
other
at the chest level. At night, direct a flashlight beam
at
the hand pointing in the desired direction.
DIMINISHING
CLEARANCE
Hold
the hands to one side of the body indicating the approximate
amount
of distance the apparatus is from the obstacle.
Close
hands accordingly as the driver slowly maneuvers the apparatus
to
point where the signal indicates immediate STOP. Always allow
enough
for
drivers reaction time. At night, indicate in the same manner with
the
flashlight in the upper hand and beam directed at the palm of
the other.
On
STOP, cover the flashlight beam with the hands.
AHEAD
OR BACK UP
Hold
hand directly in front, chest high, fingers
on
hands directed toward one another, and
motion
in a circular “come-on” gesture.
At
night hold a flashlight in one hand and
direct
the beam toward the other.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 96-11-067, § 296-305-08000, filed
5/10/96, effective 1/1/97.]
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