WAC
296-304-010
Scope and application.
296-304-01001
Definitions.
296-304-01003
Reference specifications, standards, and codes.
296-304-01005
Fire protection in shipyards.
296-304-01007
Fire safety plan
296-304-01009
Precautions for hot work.
296-304-01011
Fire watches.
296-304-01013
Fire response.
296-304-01015
Hazards of fixed extinguishing systems on board vessels and vessel
sections.
296-304-01017
Land-side fire protection systems.
296-304-01019
Training.
296-304-01021
Competent person.
296-304-01023
Appendix A-Model fire safety plan.
296-304-020
Confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres in
shipyard
employment.
296-304-02001
Reserved.
296-304-02003
Precautions and the order of testing before entering confined
and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres.
296-304-02005
Cleaning and other cold work.
296-304-02007
Hot work.
296-304-02009
Maintenance of safe conditions.
296-304-02011
Warning signs and labels.
296-304-02013
Appendix A--Compliance assistance guidelines for confined and
enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres.
296-304-02015
Appendix B--Confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres
in shipyard employment.
296-304-030
Surface preparation and preservation--Scope and application.
296-304-03001
Toxic cleaning solvents.
296-304-03003
Chemical paint and preservative removers.
296-304-03005
Mechanical paint removers.
296-304-03007
Painting.
296-304-03009
Flammable liquids.
296-304-040
Welding, cutting, and heating--Scope and application.
296-304-04001
Ventilation and protection in welding, cutting and heating.
296-304-04003
Fire prevention. (Note: This section was repealed effective
12/01/05).
296-304-04005
Welding, cutting and heating in way of preservative coatings.
296-304-04007
Welding, cutting and heating of hollow metal containers and structures
not covered by WAC 296-304-02003.
296-304-04009
Gas welding and cutting.
296-304-04011
Arc welding and cutting.
296-304-04013
Use of fissionable material in shipbreaking, shipbuilding and
ship repairing.
296-304-050
Scaffolds, ladders and other working surfaces--Scope and application.
296-304-05001
Scaffolds or staging.
296-304-05003
Ladders.
296-304-05005
Guarding of deck openings and edges.
296-304-05007
Access to vessels.
296-304-05009
Access to and guarding of dry docks and marine railways.
296-304-05011
Access to cargo spaces and confined spaces.
296-304-05013
Working surfaces.
296-304-060
General working conditions--Scope and application.
296-304-06001
Housekeeping.
296-304-06003
Illumination.
296-304-06005
Utilities.
296-304-06007
Work in confined or isolated spaces.
296-304-06009
Work on or in the vicinity of radar and radio.
296-304-06011
Work in or on lifeboats.
296-304-06013
Health and sanitation.
296-304-06015
First aid.
296-304-070
Gear and equipment for rigging and materials handling-Scope and
application.
296-304-07001
Inspection.
296-304-07003
Ropes, chains and slings.
296-304-07005
Shackles and hooks.
296-304-07007
Chain falls and pull-lifts.
296-304-07009
Hoisting and hauling equipment.
296-304-07011
Use of gear.
296-304-07013
Qualification of operators.
296-304-080
Tools and related equipment--Scope and application.
296-304-08001
General precautions.
296-304-08003
Portable electric tools.
296-304-08005
Hand tools.
296-304-08007
Abrasive wheels.
296-304-08009
Power-actuated fastening tools.
296-304-08011
Internal combustion engines, other that ship's equipment.
296-304-090
Personal protective equipment (PPE)--General requirements.
296-304-09001
Hazard assessment and equipment selection.
296-304-09003
Training.
296-304-09005
Eye and face protection.
296-304-09007
Respiratory protection.
296-304-09009
Hearing protection.
296-304-09011
Head protection.
296-304-09013
Foot protection.
296-304-09015
Hand and body protection.
296-304-09017
Livesaving equipment.
296-304-09019
Fall protection--General requirement.
296-304-09021
Personal fall arrest system (PFAS).
296-304-09023
Positioning device systems.
296-304-100
Ship's machinery and piping systems--Scope and application.
296-304-10001
Ship's boilers.
296-304-10003
Ship's piping system.
296-304-10005
Ship's propulsion system.
296-304-10007
Ship's deck machinery.
296-304-110
Portable, unfired pressure vessels, drums and containers, other
than ship's equipment--Scope and application.
296-304-11001
Portable air receivers and other unfired pressure vessels.
296-304-11003
Drums and containers.
296-304-120
Electrical machinery--Electrical circuits and distribution boards.
296-304-130
Gear certification--General provisions.
296-304-13001
Purpose and scope.
296-304-13003
Definition of terms.
296-304-140
Procedure governing accreditation--Scope and application.
296-304-14001
Application for accreditation.
296-304-14003
Action upon accreditation.
296-304-14005
Duration and renewal of accreditation.
296-304-14007
Criteria governing accreditation to certificate vessels' cargo
gear.
296-304-14009
Voluntary amendment or termination of accreditation.
296-304-14011
Suspension or revocation of accreditation.
296-304-14013
Reconsideration and review.
296-304-150
Duties of person accredited to certificate vessels' cargo gear--
Scope
and application.
296-304-15001
General duties--Exemptions.
296-304-15003
Recordkeeping and related procedures concerning records in custody
of accredited persons.
296-304-15005
Recordkeeping and related procedures concerning records in custody
of the vessel.
296-304-160
Certification of vessels' cargo gear-Scope and application.
296-304-16001
General.
296-304-16003
Initial tests of cargo gear and tests after alterations, renewals
or repairs.
296-304-16005
Periodic tests, examinations and inspections.
296-304-16007
Heat treatment.
296-304-16009
Exemptions from heat treatment.
296-304-16011
Grace periods.
296-304-16013
Gear requiring welding.
296-304-16015
Damaged components.
296-304-16017
Marking and posting of safe working loads.
296-304-16019
Requirements governing braking devices and power sources.
296-304-16021
Means of derrick attachment.
296-304-16023
Limitations on use of wire rope.
296-304-16025
Limitations on use of chains.
296-304-170
Certification of vessels--Tests and proof loads--Heat treatment--Competent
person--Scope and application.
296-304-17001
Visual inspection before tests.
296-304-17003
Unit proof tests--Winches, derricks, and gear accessory thereto.
296-304-17005
Unit proof tests--Cranes and gear accessory thereto.
296-304-17007
Limitation on safe working loads and proof loads.
296-304-17009
Examinations subsequent to unit tests.
296-304-17011
Proof tests--Loose gear.
296-304-17013
Specially designed blocks and components.
296-304-17015
Proof tests--Wire rope.
296-304-17017
Proof tests after repairs or alterations.
296-304-17019
Order of tests.
296-304-17021
Heat treatment.
296-304-17023
Competent persons.
296-304-180
Accreditation to certificate shore-based equipment--Scope and
application.
296-304-18001
Eligibility for accreditation to certificate shore-based material
handling devices covered by chapter 296-56 WAC of the safety and
health regulations for longshoring.
296-304-18003
Provisions respecting application for accreditation, action upon
the application, and related matters.
296-304-190
Duties of persons accredited to certificate shore-based material
handling devices--General duties, exemptions.
296-304-200
Certification of shore-based material handling devices--Scope
and application.
296-304-20001
General provisions.
296-304-20003
Unit proof test and examination of cranes.
296-304-20005
Annual examination of cranes.
296-304-20007
Unit proof test and examination of derricks.
296-304-20009
Annual examinations of derricks.
296-304-20011
Determination of crane or derrick safe working loads and limitations
in absence of manufacturer's data.
296-304-20013
Safe working load reduction.
296-304-20015
Safe working load increase.
296-304-20017
Nondestructive examination.
296-304-20019
Wire rope.
296-304-20021
Heat treatment.
296-304-20023
Examination of bulk cargo loading or discharging spouts or suckers.
296-304-20025
Documentation.
WAC
296-304-010 Scope and application.
(1) The provisions and standards of the general
safety and health standards, chapters 296-24,
296-62
and 296-800 WAC, and such other codes and standards
as are promulgated by the department of labor and industries which
are applicable to all industries, shall be applicable in the ship
repairing, shipbuilding, or shipbreaking industries whenever the
employees are covered under the Washington State Industrial Safety
and Health Act, chapter 49.17 RCW. The rules of this chapter and
the rules of the aforementioned chapters 296-24,
296-62,
and 296-800
WAC are applicable to all ship repairing, shipbuilding, and shipbreaking
industries and operations, provided that such rules shall not
be applicable to those operations under the exclusive safety jurisdiction
of the federal government.
(2) The responsibility for compliance with these
regulations is placed upon “employers” as defined
in WAC
296-304-01001.
(3) It is not the intent of these regulations
to place additional responsibilities or duties on owners, operators,
agents or masters of vessels unless such persons are acting as
employers, nor is it the intent of these regulations to relieve
such owners, operators, agents or masters of vessels from responsibilities
or duties now placed upon them by law, regulation or custom.
(4) The responsibilities placed upon the competent
person herein shall be deemed to be the responsibilities of the
employer.
[Statutory Authority:
RCW 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060; 98-02-006, (Order 96-18),
§ 296-304-010, filed 12/26/97, effective 3/1/98; Statutory Authority:
RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].050 and [49.17].060; 95-22-015, § 296-304-010,
filed 10/20/95, effective 1/16/96. Statutory Authority: Chapter
49.17 RCW. 95-04-006, § 296-304-010, filed 1/18/95, effective
3/10/95; 89-11-035 (Order 89-03), § 296-304-010, filed 5/15/89,
effective 6/30/89; Order 75-6, § 296-304-010, filed 3/10/75; Order
74-25, 296-304-010, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-01001 Definitions.
“Alarm” –
A signal or message from a person or device that indicates that
there is a fire, medical emergency, or other situation that requires
emergency response or evacuation. At some shipyards, this may
be called an “incident” or a “call for service.”
“Alarm system”
– A system that warns employees at the worksite of danger.
“Anchorage” –
A secure point to attach lifelines, lanyards, or deceleration
devices.
“Body belt” –
A strap with means to both secure it around the waist and to attach
it to a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device. Body belts
may be used only in fall restraint or positioning device systems
and may not be used for fall arrest. Body belts must be at least
one and five-eighths inches (4.13 cm) wide.
“Body harness” –
Straps to secure around an employee so that fall arrest forces
are distributed over at least the thighs, shoulders, chest and
pelvis with means to attach it to other components of a personal
fall arrest system.
“Class II standpipe system”
– A one and one-half inch (3.8 cm) hose system which provides
a means for the control or extinguishment of incipient stage fires.
“Cold work” –
Work that does not involve riveting, welding, burning, or other
fire-producing or spark-producing operations.
“Contract employer”
– An employer, such as a painter, joiner, carpenter, or
scaffolding subcontractor, who performs work under contract to
the host employer or to another employer under contract to the
host employer at the host employer’s worksite. This excludes
employers who provide incidental services that do not influence
shipyard employment (such as mail delivery or office supply services.
“Competent Person” – A person
who can recognize and evaluate employee exposure to hazardous
substances or to other unsafe conditions and can specify the necessary
protection and precautions necessary to ensure the safety of employees
as required by these standards.
“Confined space”
– A small compartment with limited access such as a double
bottom tank, cofferdam, or other small, confined space that can
readily create or aggravate a hazardous exposure.
“Connector” –
A device used to connect parts of a personal fall arrest system
or parts of a positioning device system together. It may be:
• An independent component of the system
(such as a carabiner); or
• An integral component of part of the system (such as
a buckle or D-ring sewn into a body belt or body harness or
a snaphook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard).
“Dangerous atmosphere”
– An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of
death, incapacitation, injury acute illness, or impairment of
ability to self-rescue (i.e., escape unaided from a confined or
enclosed space).
“Deceleration device”
– A mechanism, such as a rope grab, rip stitch lanyard,
specially woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyard, or automatic
self-retracting lifeline/lanyard, that serves to dissipate a substantial
amount of energy during a fall arrest, or to limit the energy
imposed on an employee during fall arrest.
“Deceleration distance”
– The additional vertical distance a falling employee
travels, excluding lifeline elongation and free fall distance,
before stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device
begins to operate. It is measured from the location of an employee’s
body belt or body harness attachment point at the moment of activation
(at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device
during a fall, to the location of that attachment point after
the employee comes to a full stop.
“Designated area” –
An area established for hot work after an inspection that is free
of fire hazards.
“Director” –
The director of the department of labor and industries or a designated
representative.
“Drop test” –
A method utilizing gauges to ensure the integrity of an oxygen
fuel gas burning system. The method requires that the burning
torch is installed to one end of the oxygen and fuel gas lines
and then the gauges are attached to the other end of the hoses.
The manifold or cylinder supply valve is opened and the system
is pressurized. The manifold or cylinder supply valve is then
closed and the gauges are watched for at least sixty seconds.
Any drop in pressure indicates a leak.
“Emergency operations”
– Activities performed by fire response organizations that
are related to: Rescue, fire suppression, emergency medical care,
and special operations or activities that include responding to
the scene of an incident and all activities performed at that
scene.
“Employee” –
Any person engaged in ship repairing, ship building, or ship breaking
or related employment as defined in these standards.
“Employer” –
An employer with employees who are employed, in whole or in part,
in ship repair, ship building, and ship breaking, or related employment
as defined in these standards.
“Enclosed space”
– A space, other than a confined space, that is enclosed
by bulkheads and overhead. It includes cargo holds, tanks, quarters,
and machinery and boiler spaces.
“Equivalent” –
Alternative designs, materials, or methods to protect against
a hazard which the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal
or greater degree of safety for employees than the method or item
specified in the standard.
“Fire hazard” – A condition
or material that may start or contribute to the spread of fire.
“Fire protection”
– Methods of providing fire prevention, response, detection,
control, extinguishment, and engineering.
“Fire response”
– The activity taken by the employer at the time of an emergency
incident involving a fire at the worksite, including fire suppression
activities carried out by internal or external resources or a
combination of both, or total or partial employee evacuation of
the area exposed to the fire.
“Fire response employee”
– A shipyard employee who carries out the duties and responsibilities
of shipyard fire fighting in accordance with the fire safety plan.
“Fire response organization”
– An organized group knowledgeable, trained, and skilled
in shipyard fire fighting operations that responds to shipyard
fire emergencies, including: Fire brigades, shipyard fire departments,
private or contractual fire departments, and municipal fire departments.
“Fire suppression”
– The activities involved in controlling and extinguishing
fires.
“Fire watch” –
The activity of observing and responding to the fire hazards associated
with hot work in shipyard employment and the employees designated
to do so.
“Fixed extinguishing system”
– A permanently installed fire protection system that either
extinguishes or controls fire occurring in the space it protects.
“Flammable liquid”
– Any liquid having a flashpoint below 100oF
(37.8oC), except any mixture having components with
flashpoints of 100oF (37.8oC) or higher,
the total of which make up ninety-nine percent or more of the
total volume of the mixture.
“Free fall” –
To fall before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force
to arrest the fall.
“Free fall distance”
– The vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment
point on the employee’s body harness between onset of the
fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest
the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, and lifeline/lanyard
elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide distance
or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before the device
operates and fall arrest forces occur.
“Gangway” –
A ramp-like or stair-like means to board or leave a vessel including
accommodation ladders, gangplanks and brows.
“Hazardous substance”
– A substance likely to cause injury because it is explosive,
flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritant, or otherwise
harmful.
“Hose systems”
– Fire protection systems consisting of a water supply,
approved fire hose, and a means to control the flow of water at
the output end of the hose.
“Host employer”
– An employer who is in charge of coordinating work or who
hires other employers to perform work at a multiemployer workplace.
“Hot work” –
Riveting, welding, burning or other fire or spark producing operations.
“Incident management system”
– A system that defines the roles and responsibilities to
be assumed by personnel and the operating procedures to be used
in the management and direction of emergency operations; the system
is also referred to as an “incident command system (ICS).”
“Incipient stage fire” – A
fire, in the initial or beginning stage, which can be controlled
or extinguished by portable fire extinguishers, Class II standpipe
or small hose systems without the need for protective clothing
or breathing apparatus.
“Inerting” –
The displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by noncombustible
gas (such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere
is noncombustible. This procedure produces an IDLH oxygen-deficient
atmosphere.
“Interior structural fire fighting
operations” – The physical activity of fire
response, rescue, or both involving a fire beyond the incipient
stage inside of buildings, enclosed structures, vessels, and vessel
sections.
“Lanyard” –
A flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which generally has
a connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness
to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage.
“Lifeline” –
A component consisting of a flexible line to connect to an anchorage
at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or to connect
to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal
lifeline), and which serves as a means for connecting other components
of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage.
“Lower levels”
– Those areas or surfaces to which an employee can fall.
Such areas or surfaces include but are not limited to ground levels,
floors, ramps, tanks, materials, water, excavations, pits, vessels,
structures, or portions thereof.
“Multiemployer workplace”
– A workplace where there is a host employer and at least
one contract employer.
“Personal alert safety system
(PASS)” – A device that sounds a loud signal
if the wearer becomes immobilized or is motionless for thirty
seconds or more.
“Personal fall arrest system”
– A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working
level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, body harness and
may include a lanyard, a deceleration device, a lifeline, or a
suitable combination.
“Physical isolation”
– The elimination of a fire hazard by removing the hazard
from the work area (at least thirty-five feet for combustibles),
by covering or shielding the hazard with a fire-resistant material,
or physically preventing the hazard from entering the work area.
“Physically isolated”
– Positive isolation of the supply from the distribution
piping of a fixed extinguishing system. Examples of ways to physically
isolate include: Removing a spool piece and installing a blank
flange; providing a double block and bleed valve system; or completely
disconnecting valves and piping from all cylinders or other pressure
vessels containing extinguishing agents.
“Portable unfired pressure vessel”
– A pressure container or vessel used aboard ship, other
than the ship’s equipment, containing liquids or gases under
pressure. This does not include pressure vessels built to Department
of Transportation regulations under 49 CFR Part 178, Subparts
C and H.
“Positioning device system”
– A body belt or body harness system rigged to allow an
employee to be supported at an elevated vertical surface, such
as a wall or window, and to be able to work with both hands free
while leaning.
“Powder actuated fastening tool”
– A tool or machine that drives a stud, pin, or fastener
by means of an explosive charge.
“Protected space”
– Any space into which a fixed extinguishing system can
discharge.
“Proximity fire fighting” –
Specialized fire fighting operations that require specialized
thermal protection and may include the activities of rescue, fire
suppression, and property conservation at incidents involving
fires producing very high levels of conductive, convective, and
radiant heat such as aircraft fires, bulk flammable gas fires,
and bulk flammable liquid fires. Proximity fire fighting operations
usually are exterior operations but may be combined with structural
fire fighting operations. Proximity fire fighting is not entry
fire fighting.
“Qualified instructor”
– A person with specific knowledge, training, and experience
in fire response or fire watch activities to cover the material
found in WAC 296-304-01019(2) or (3).
“Qualified person”
– A person who has successfully demonstrated the ability
to solve or resolve problems related to the subject matter and
work by possessing a recognized degree or certificate of professional
standing or by extensive knowledge, training, and experience.
“Related employment”
– Any employment related to or performed in conjunction
with ship repairing, ship building, or ship breaking work, including,
but not limited to, inspecting, testing, and serving as a watchman.
“Rescue” –
Locating endangered persons at an emergency incident, removing
those persons from danger, treating the injured, and transporting
the injured to an appropriate health care facility.
“Restraint (tether) line”
– A line from an anchorage, or between anchorages, to which
the employee is secured so as to prevent the employee from walking
or falling off an elevated work surface.
Note: A restraint
line is not necessarily designed to withstand forces resulting
from a fall.
“Rope grab” –
A deceleration device that travels on a lifeline and automatically,
by friction, engages the lifeline and locks to arrest the fall
of an employee. A rope grab usually uses the principle of inertial
locking, cam/level locking or both.
“Shall” or “must”
– Mandatory.
“Ship breaking” – Breaking down a vessel’s
structure to scrap the vessel, including the removal of gear,
equipment or any component part of a vessel.
“Ship building”
– Construction of a vessel, including the installation of
machinery and equipment.
“Ship repairing”
– Repair of a vessel including, but not limited to, alterations,
conversions, installations, cleaning, painting, and maintenance.
“Shipyard fire fighting”
– The activity of rescue, fire suppression, and property
conservation involving buildings, enclosed structures, vehicles,
vessels, aircraft, or similar properties involved in a fire or
emergency situation.
“Small hose system”
– A system of hoses ranging in diameter from 5/8”
(1.6 cm) up to 1 ½” (3.8 cm) which is for the use
of employees and which provides a means for the control and extinguishment
of incipient stage fires.
“Standpipe”- A
fixed fire protection system consisting of piping and hose connections
used to supply water to approved hose lines or sprinkler systems.
The hose may or may not be connected to the system.
“Vessel” –
Every watercraft for use as a means of transportation on water,
including special purpose floating structures not primarily designed
for or used as a means of transportation on water.
Statutory Authority: RCW
49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 07-03-163 (Order 06-30), §
296-304-01001, filed 01/24/07, effective 04/01/07. Statutory Authority:
RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-19-086 (Order 05-25),
§ 296-304-01001, filed 09/20/05, effective 12/01/05. Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, RCW 49.17.050, and 49.17.060.
03-04-099 (Order 02-31), § 296-304-01001, filed 02/04/03,
effective 08/01/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, 49.17.050,
49.17.060; 98-02-006 (Order 96-18), § 296-304-03001, filed
12/26/97, effective 3/1/98; Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17
RCW. 95-04-006 (Order 94-23), § 296-304-01001, filed 1/18/95,
effective 3/10/95; Order 76-7, § 296-304-01001, filed 3/1/76;
Order 74-25, § 296-304-01001, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-01003 Reference specifications, standards, and codes.
Specifications, standards, and codes of agencies
of the U.S. government, to the extent specified in the text, form
a part of these regulations. In addition, the specifications,
standards, and codes of organizations which are not agencies of
the U.S. government, in effect on the date of the promulgation
of these regulations as listed below, to the extent specified
in the text, form a part of these standards:
National Fire Protection Association, 60 Batterymarch
Street, Boston, Mass. 02110,
Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., 207 East
Ohio Street, Chicago, Ill. 60611,
United States of America Standard Safety Code
for Portable Wood Ladders, A14.1-1975, United States of America
Standards Institute, Inc., 10 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y.
10016,
United States of America Standard Safety Code
for Portable Metal Ladders, A14.2-1972, United States of America
Standards Institute, Inc., 10 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y.
10016,
United States of America Standard Safety Code
for Head, Eye, and Respiratory Protection, Z2.1-1959,United
States of America Standards Institute, Inc., 10 East 40th Street,
New York, N.Y. 10016,
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Rules for Construction
of Unfired Pressure Vessels, American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017,
Threshold Limit Values, American Conference
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45202,
United States of America Standards Safety Code
for the Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels, B7.1-1964,
United States of America Standards Institute, Inc., 10 East
40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016.
[Statutory Authority:
RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-04-099
(Order 02-31), § 296-304-01003, filed 02/04/03, effective
08/01/03. Order 74-25, § 296-304-01003, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-01005 Fire protection in shipyards.
(1) Purpose. The purpose of
this section is to require employers to protect all employees
from fire hazards in shipyard employment, including employees
engaged in fire response activities.
(2) Scope. This section covers
employers with employees engaged in shipyard employment aboard
vessels and vessel sections, and on land-side operations regardless
of geographic location.
(3) Employee participation.
The employer must provide ways for employees or employee representatives,
or both to participate in developing and periodically reviewing
programs and policies adopted to comply with this section.
(4) Multiemployer worksites.
(a) Host employer responsibilities. The host
employer's responsibilities are to:
(i) Inform all employers at the worksite
about the content of the fire safety plan including hazards,
controls, fire safety and health rules, and emergency procedures;
(ii) Make sure the safety and health responsibilities
for fire protection are assigned as appropriate to other employers
at the worksite; and
(iii) If there is more than one host employer,
each host employer must communicate relevant information about
fire-related hazards to other host employers. When a vessel
owner or operator (temporarily) becomes a host shipyard employer
by directing the work of ships' crews on repair modification
of the vessel or by hiring other contractors directly, the
vessel owner or operator must also comply with these provisions
for host employers.
(b) Contract employer responsibilities.
The contract employer's responsibilities are to:
(i) Make sure that the host employer knows
about the fire-related hazards associated with the contract
employer's work and what the contract employer is doing to
address them; and
(ii) Advise the host employer of any previously
unidentified fire-related hazards that the contract employer
identifies at the worksite.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-19-086 (Order
05-25), § 296-304-01005, filed 09/20/05, effective 12/01/05.
WAC
296-304-01007 Fire safety plan.
(1) Employer responsibilities. The employer
must develop and implement a written fire safety plan that covers
all the actions that employers and employees must take to ensure
employee safety in the event of a fire. (See Appendix A to this
section for a model fire safety plan.)
(2) Plan elements. The employer must include
the following information in the fire safety plan:
(a) Identification of the significant fire
hazards;
(b) Procedures for recognizing and reporting
unsafe conditions;
(c) Alarm procedures;
(d) Procedures for notifying employees of
a fire emergency;
(e) Procedures for notifying fire response
organizations of a fire emergency;
(f) Procedures for evacuation;
(g) Procedures to account for all employees
after an evacuation; and
(h) Names, job titles, or departments for
individuals who can be contacted for further information about
the plan.
(3) Reviewing the plan with employees. The employer
must review the plan with each employee at the following times:
(a) By March 1, 2006, for employees who are
currently working;
(b) Upon initial assignment for new employees;
and
(c) When the actions the employee must take
under the plan change because of a change in duties or a change
in the plan.
(4) Additional employer requirements. The employer
also must:
(a) Keep the plan accessible to employees,
employee representatives, and WISHA;
(b) Review and update the plan whenever necessary,
but at least annually;
(c) Document that affected employees have
been informed about the plan as required by this subsection;
and
(d) Ensure any outside fire response organization
that the employer expects to respond to fires at the employer's
worksite has been given a copy of the current plan.
(5) Contract employers. Contract employers in
shipyard employment must have a fire safety plan for their employees,
and this plan must comply with the host employer's fire safety
plan.
Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 07-17-034 (Order
07-12), § 296-304-01007, filed 08/07/07, effective 12/01/07.
[Statutory Authority: Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040,
.050, and .060. 05-19-086 (Order 05-25), § 296-304-01007,
filed 09/20/05, effective 12/01/05.
WAC 296-304-01009 Precautions for hot work.
(1) General requirements.
(a) Designated areas. The employer may designate
areas for hot work in sites such as vessels, vessel sections,
fabricating shops, and subassembly areas that are free of fire
hazards.
(b) Nondesignated areas.
(i) Before authorizing hot work in a nondesignated
area, the employer must visually inspect the area where hot
work is to be performed, including adjacent spaces, to ensure
the area is free of fire hazards, unless a marine chemist's
certificate or shipyard competent person's log is used for
authorization.
(ii) The employer shall authorize employees
to perform hot work only in areas that are free of fire hazards,
or that have been controlled by physical isolation, fire watches,
or other positive means.
Note: The requirements
of (b) of this subsection apply to all hot work operations in
shipyard employment except those covered by WAC
296-304-02007.
(2) Specific requirements.
(a) Maintaining fire hazard-free conditions.
The employer must keep all hot work areas free of new hazards
that may cause or contribute to the spread of fire. Unexpected
energizing and energy release are covered by WAC
296-304-120. Exposure to toxic and hazardous substances
is covered in chapter 296-841
WAC, Airborne contaminants; chapter 296-802
WAC, Employee medical and exposure records; and WAC 296-800-170,
Employer chemical hazard communication -Introduction.
(b) Fuel gas and oxygen supply lines and torches.
The employer must make sure that:
(i) No unattended fuel gas and oxygen hose
lines or torches are in confined spaces;
(ii) No unattended charged fuel gas and
oxygen hose lines or torches are in enclosed spaces for more
than fifteen minutes;
(iii) All fuel gas and oxygen hose lines
are disconnected at the supply manifold at the end of each
shift; and
(iv) All disconnected fuel gas and oxygen
hose lines are rolled back to the supply manifold or to open
air to disconnect the torch; or extended fuel gas and oxygen
hose lines are not reconnected at the supply manifold unless
the lines are given a positive means of identification when
they were first connected and the lines are tested using a
drop test or other positive means to ensure the integrity
of fuel gas and oxygen burning system.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 07-05-062, 07-06-005
(Order 06-38), § 296-304-01009, filed 02/20/07, effective
04/01/07. Statutory Authority: Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
.040, .050, and .060. 05-19-086 (Order 05-25), § 296-304-01009,
filed 09/20/05, effective 12/01/05.
WAC 296-304-01011 Fire watches.
(1) Written fire watch policy. The employer
must create and keep current a written policy that specifies the
following requirements for employees performing fire watch in
the workplace:
(a) The training employees must be given (WAC
296-304-01019(3) contains detailed fire watch training requirements);
(b) The duties employees are to perform;
(c) The equipment employees must be given;
and
(d) The personal protective equipment (PPE)
that must be made available and worn as required by WAC 296-304-090.
(2) Posting fire watches. The employer must
post a fire watch if during hot work any of the following conditions
are present:
(a) Slag, weld splatter, or sparks might pass
through an opening and cause a fire;
(b) Fire-resistant guards or curtains are
not used to prevent ignition of combustible materials on or
near decks, bulkheads, partitions, or overheads;
(c) Combustible material closer than thirty-five
feet (10.7 m) to the hot work in either the horizontal or vertical
direction cannot be removed, protected with flame-proof covers,
or otherwise shielded with metal or fire-resistant guards or
curtains;
(d) The hot work is carried out on or near
insulation, combustible coatings, or sandwich-type construction
that cannot be shielded, cut back, or removed, or in a space
within a sandwich-type construction that cannot be inerted;
(e) Combustible materials adjacent to the
opposite sides of bulkheads, decks, overheads, metal partitions,
or sandwich-type construction may be ignited by conduction or
radiation;
(f) The hot work is close enough to cause
ignition through heat radiation or conduction on the following:
(i) Insulated pipes, bulkheads, decks, partitions,
or overheads; or
(ii) Combustible materials and/or coatings;
(g) The work is close enough to unprotected
combustible pipe or cable runs to cause ignition; or
(h) A marine chemist, a Coast Guard-authorized
person, or a shipyard competent person, as defined in WAC 296-304-020,
requires that a fire watch be posted.
(3) Assigning employees to fire watch duty.
(a) The employer must not assign other duties
to a fire watch while the hot work is in progress.
(b) Employers must ensure that employees assigned
to fire watch duty:
(i) Have a clear view of and immediate access
to all areas included in the fire watch;
(ii) Are able to communicate with workers
exposed to hot work;
(iii) Are authorized to stop work if necessary
and restore safe conditions within the hot work area;
(iv) Remain in the hot work area for at
least thirty minutes after completion of the hot work, unless
the employer or its representative surveys the exposed area
and makes a determination that there is no further fire hazard;
(v) Are trained to detect fires that occur
in areas exposed to the hot work;
(vi) Attempt to extinguish any incipient
stage fires in the hot work area that are within the capability
of available equipment and within the fire watch's training
qualifications, as defined in WAC 296-304-01019;
(vii) Alert employees of any fire beyond
the incipient stage; and
(viii) If unable to extinguish fire in the
areas exposed to the hot work, activate the alarm.
(c) The employer must ensure that employees
assigned to fire watch are physically capable of performing
these duties.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-19-086 (Order
05-25), § 296-304-01011, filed 09/20/05, effective 12/01/05.
WAC 296-304-01013 Fire response.
(1) Employer responsibilities. The employer
must:
(a) Decide what type of response will be provided
and who will provide it; and
(b) Create, maintain, and update a written
policy that:
(i) Describes the internal and outside fire
response organizations that the employer will use; and
(ii) Defines what evacuation procedures
employees must follow, if the employer chooses to require
a total or partial evacuation of the worksite at the time
of a fire.
(2) Required written policy information.
(a) Internal fire response. If an internal
fire response is to be used, the employer must include the following
information in the employer's written policy:
(i) The basic structure of the fire response
organization;
(ii) The number of trained fire response
employees;
(iii) The fire response functions that may
need to be carried out;
(iv) The minimum number of fire response
employees necessary, the number and types of apparatuses,
and a description of the fire suppression operations established
by written standard operating procedures for each type of
fire response at the employer's facility;
(v) The type, amount, and frequency of training
that must be given to fire response employees; and
(vi) The procedures for using protective
clothing and equipment.
(b) Outside fire response. If an outside fire
response organization is used, the employer must include the
following information in the written policy:
(i) The types of fire suppression incidents
to which the fire response organization is expected to respond
at the employer's facility or worksite;
(ii) The liaisons between the employer and
the outside fire response organizations; and
(iii) A plan for fire response functions
that:
(A) Addresses procedures for obtaining
assistance from the outside fire response organization;
(B) Familiarizes the outside fire response
organization with the layout of the employer's facility
or worksite, including access routes to controlled areas,
and site-specific operations, occupancies, vessels or vessel
sections, and hazards; and
(C) Sets forth how hose and coupling connection
threads are to be made compatible and includes where the
adapter couplings are kept; or
(D) States that the employer will not
allow the use of incompatible hose connections.
(c) A combination of internal and outside
fire response. If a combination of internal and outside fire
response is to be used, the employer must include the following
information, in addition to the requirements in (a) and (b)
of this subsection, in the written policy:
(i) The basic organizational structure of
the combined fire response;
(ii) The number of combined trained fire
responders;
(iii) The fire response functions that may
need to be carried out;
(iv) The minimum number of fire response
employees necessary, the number and types of apparatuses,
and a description of the fire suppression operations established
by written standard operating procedures for each particular
type of fire response at the worksite; and
(v) The type, amount, and frequency of joint
training with outside fire response organizations if given
to fire response employees.
(d) Employee evacuation. The employer must
include the following information in the employer's written
policy:
(i) Emergency escape procedures;
(ii) Procedures to be followed by employees
who may remain longer at the worksite to perform critical
shipyard employment operations during the evacuation;
(iii) Procedures to account for all employees
after emergency evacuation is completed;
(iv) The preferred means of reporting fires
and other emergencies; and
(v) Names or job titles of the employees
or departments to be contacted for further information or
explanation of duties.
(e) Rescue and emergency response. The employer
must include the following information in the employer's written
policy:
(i) A description of the emergency rescue
procedures; and
(ii) Names or job titles of the employees
who are assigned to perform them.
(3) Medical requirements for shipyard fire response
employees. The employer must ensure that:
(a) All fire response employees receive medical
examinations to assure that they are physically and medically
fit for the duties they are expected to perform;
(b) Fire response employees, who are required
to wear respirators in performing their duties, meet the medical
requirements of WAC
296-842 WAC, Respirators.
(c) Each fire response employee has an annual
medical examination; and
(d) The medical records of fire response employees
are kept in accordance with chapter 296-802
WAC, Employee medical and exposure records.
(4) Organization of internal fire response functions.
The employer must:
(a) Organize fire response functions to ensure
enough resources to conduct emergency operations safely;
(b) Establish lines of authority and assign
responsibilities to ensure that the components of the internal
fire response are accomplished;
(c) Set up an incident management system to
coordinate and direct fire response functions, including:
(i) Specific fire emergency responsibilities;
(ii) Accountability for all fire response
employees participating in an emergency operation; and
(iii) Resources offered by outside organizations;
and
(d) Provide the information required in this
subsection to the outside fire response organization to be used.
(5) Personal protective clothing and equipment
for fire response employees.
(a) General requirements. The employer must:
(i) Supply to all fire response employees,
at no cost, the appropriate personal protective clothing and
equipment they may need to perform expected duties; and
(ii) Ensure that fire response employees
wear the appropriate personal protective clothing and use
the equipment, when necessary, to protect them from hazardous
exposures.
(b) Thermal stability and flame resistance.
The employer must:
(i) Ensure that each fire response employee
exposed to the hazards of flame does not wear clothing that
could increase the extent of injury that could be sustained;
and
(ii) Prohibit wearing clothing made from
acetate, nylon, or polyester, either alone or in blends, unless
it can be shown that:
(A) The fabric will withstand the flammability
hazard that may be encountered; or
(B) The clothing will be worn in such
a way to eliminate the flammability hazard that may be encountered.
(c) Respiratory protection. The employer must:
(i) Provide self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA) to all fire response employees involved in an emergency
operation in an atmosphere that is immediately dangerous to
life or health (IDLH), potentially IDLH, or unknown;
(ii) Provide SCBA to fire response employees
performing emergency operations during hazardous chemical
emergencies that will expose them to known hazardous chemicals
in vapor form or to unknown chemicals;
(iii) Provide fire response employees who
perform or support emergency operations that will expose them
to hazardous chemicals in liquid form either:
(A) SCBA; or
(B) Respiratory protective devices certified
by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) under 42 CFR Part 84 as suitable for the specific
chemical environment;
(iv) Ensure that additional outside air
supplies used in conjunction with SCBA result in positive
pressure systems that are certified by NIOSH under 42 CFR
Part 84;
(v) Provide only SCBA that meet the requirements
of NFPA 1981-2002 Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus for the Fire Service (incorporated by
reference, see WAC 296-304-01003);
and
(vi) Ensure that the respiratory protection
program and all respiratory protection equipment comply with
chapter 296-842
WAC, Respiratory protection.
(d) Interior structural firefighting operations.
The employer must:
(i) Supply at no cost to all fire response
employees exposed to the hazards of shipyard fire response,
a helmet, gloves, footwear, and protective hoods, and either
a protective coat and trousers or a protective coverall; and
(ii) Ensure that this equipment meets the
applicable recommendations in NFPA 1971-2000 Standard on Protective
Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting (incorporated by reference,
see WAC 296-304-01003).
(e) Proximity fire fighting operations. The
employer must provide, at no cost, to all fire response employees
who are exposed to the hazards of proximity fire fighting, appropriate
protective proximity clothing that meets the applicable recommendations
in NFPA 1976-2000 Standard on Protective Ensemble for Proximity
Fire Fighting (incorporated by reference, see WAC 296-304-01003).
(f) Personal alert safety system (PASS) devices.
The employer must:
(i) Provide each fire response employee
involved in fire fighting operations with a PASS device; and
(ii) Ensure that each PASS device meets
the recommendations in NFPA 1982-1998 Standard on Personal
Alert Safety Systems (PASS) (incorporated by reference, see
WAC 296-304-01003).
(g) Life safety ropes, body harnesses, and
hardware. The employer must ensure that:
(i) All life safety ropes, body harnesses,
and hardware used by fire response employees for emergency
operations meet the applicable recommendations in NFPA 1983-2001,
Standard on Fire Service Life Safety Rope and System Components
(incorporated by reference, see WAC 296-304-01003);
(ii) Fire response employees use only Class
I body harnesses to attach to ladders and aerial devices;
and
(iii) Fire response employees use only Class
II and Class III body harnesses for fall arrest and rappelling
operations.
(6) Equipment maintenance.
(a) Personal protective equipment. The employer
must inspect and maintain personal protective equipment used
to protect fire response employees to ensure that it provides
the intended protection.
(b) Fire response equipment. The employer
must:
(i) Keep fire response equipment in a state
of readiness;
(ii) Standardize all fire hose coupling
and connection threads throughout the facility and on vessels
and vessel sections by providing the same type of hose coupling
and connection threads for hoses of the same or similar diameter;
and
(iii) Ensure that either all fire hoses
and coupling connection threads are the same within a facility
or vessel or vessel section as those used by the outside fire
response organization, or supply suitable adapter couplings
if such an organization is expected to use the fire response
equipment within a facility or vessel or vessel section.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 07-17-034 (Order
07-12), § 296-304-01013, filed 08/07/07, effective 12/01/07.
Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-19-086
(Order 05-25), § 296-304-01013, filed 09/20/05, effective
12/01/05.
WAC 296-304-01015 Hazards of fixed extinguishing
systems on board vessels and vessel sections.
(1) Employer responsibilities. The employer
must comply with the provisions of this section whenever employees
are exposed to fixed extinguishing systems that could create a
dangerous atmosphere when activated in vessels and vessel sections,
regardless of geographic location.
(2) Requirements for automatic and manual systems.
Before any work is done in a space equipped with fixed extinguishing
systems, the employer must either:
(a) Physically isolate the systems or use
other positive means to prevent the systems' discharge; or
(b) Ensure employees are trained to recognize:
(i) Systems' discharge and evacuation alarms
and the appropriate escape routes; and
(ii) Hazards associated with the extinguishing
systems and agents including the dangers of disturbing system
components and equipment such as piping, cables, linkages,
detection devices, activation devices, and alarm devices.
(3) Sea and dock trials. During trials, the
employer must ensure that all systems shall remain operational.
(4) Doors and hatches. The employer must:
(a) Take protective measures to ensure that
all doors, hatches, scuttles, and other exit openings remain
working and accessible for escape in the event the systems are
activated; and
(b) Ensure that all inward opening doors,
hatches, scuttles, and other potential barriers to safe exit
are removed, locked open, braced, or otherwise secured so that
they remain open and accessible for escape if the systems' activation
could result in a positive pressure in the protected spaces
sufficient to impede escape.
(5) Testing the system.
(a) When testing a fixed extinguishing system
involves a total discharge of extinguishing medium into a space,
the employer must evacuate all employees from the space and
assure that no employees remain in the space during the discharge.
The employer must retest the atmosphere in accordance with WAC
296-304-02003
to ensure that the oxygen levels are safe for employees to enter.
(b) When testing a fixed extinguishing system
does not involve a total discharge of the system's extinguishing
medium, the employer must make sure that the system's extinguishing
medium is physically isolated and that all employees not directly
involved in the testing are evacuated from the protected space.
(6) Conducting system maintenance. Before conducting
maintenance on a fixed extinguishing system, the employer must
ensure that the system is physically isolated.
(7) Using fixed manual extinguishing systems
for fire protection. If fixed manual extinguishing systems are
used to provide fire protection for spaces in which the employees
are working, the employer must ensure that:
(a) Only authorized employees are allowed
to activate the system;
(b) Authorized employees are trained to operate
and activate the systems; and
(c) All employees are evacuated from the protected
spaces, and accounted for, before the fixed manual extinguishing
system is activated.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-19-086 (Order
05-25), § 296-304-01015, filed 09/20/05, effective 12/01/05.
WAC 296-304-01017 Land-side fire protection
systems.
(1) Employer responsibilities. The employer
must ensure all fixed and portable fire protection systems needed
to meet WISHA standards for employee safety or employee protection
from fire hazards in land-side facilities, including, but not
limited to, buildings, structures, and equipment, meet the requirements
of this section.
(2) Portable fire extinguishers and hose systems.
(a) The employer must select, install, inspect,
maintain, and test all portable fire extinguishers according
to NFPA 10-2002 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers (incorporated
by reference, see WAC 296-304-01003).
(b) The employer is permitted to use Class
II or Class III hose systems, in accordance with NFPA 10-2002,
as portable fire extinguishers if the employer selects, installs,
inspects, maintains, and tests those systems according to the
specific recommendations in NFPA 14-2003 Standard for the Installation
of Standpipe, Private Hydrant, and Hose Systems (incorporated
by reference, see WAC 296-304-01003).
(3) General requirements for fixed extinguishing
systems. The employer must:
(a) Ensure that any fixed extinguishing system
component or extinguishing agent is approved by an OSHA nationally
recognized testing laboratory for use on the specific hazards
the employer expects it to control or extinguish;
(b) Notify employees and take the necessary
precautions to ensure employees are safe from fire if for any
reason a fire extinguishing system stops working, until the
system is working again;
(c) Ensure all repairs to fire extinguishing
systems and equipment are done by a qualified technician or
mechanic;
(d) Provide and ensure employees use proper
personal protective equipment when entering discharge areas
in which the atmosphere remains hazardous to employee safety
or health, or provide safeguards to prevent employees from entering
those areas. See WAC 296-304-02003
for additional requirements applicable to safe entry into spaces
containing dangerous atmospheres;
(e) Post hazard warning or caution signs at
both the entrance to and inside of areas protected by fixed
extinguishing systems that use extinguishing agents in concentrations
known to be hazardous to employee safety or health; and
(f) Select, install, inspect, maintain, and
test all automatic fire detection systems and emergency alarms
according to NFPA 72-2002 National Fire Alarm Code (incorporated
by reference, see WAC 296-304-01003).
(4) Fixed extinguishing systems. The employer
must select, install, maintain, inspect, and test all fixed systems
required by WISHA as follows:
(a) Standpipe and hose systems according to
NFPA 14-2003 Standard for the Installation of Standpipe, Private
Hydrant, and Hose Systems (incorporated by reference, see WAC
296-304-01003);
(b) Automatic sprinkler systems according
to NFPA 25-2002 Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance
of Water-based Fire Protection Systems, and either NFPA 13-2002
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems or NFPA 750-2003
Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems (incorporated
by reference, see WAC 296-304-01003);
(c) Fixed extinguishing systems that use water
or foam as the extinguishing agent according to NFPA 15-2001
Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection;
NFPA 11-2005 Standard for Low, Medium, and High-Expansion Foam
Systems; (incorporated by reference, see WAC 296-304-01003);
(d) Fixed extinguishing systems using dry
chemical as the extinguishing agent according to NFPA 17-2002
Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems (incorporated
by reference, see WAC 296-304-01003);
and
(e) Fixed extinguishing systems using gas
as the extinguishing agent according to NFPA 12-2005 Standard
on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems; NFPA 12A-2004 Standard
on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems; and NFPA 2001-2004
Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems (incorporated
by reference, see WAC 296-304-01003).
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 07-17-034 (Order
07-12), § 296-304-01017, filed 08/07/07, effective 12/01/07.
Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-19-086
(Order 05-25), § 296-304-01017, filed 09/20/05, effective
12/01/05.
WAC 296-304-01019 Training.
(1) The employer must train employees in the
applicable requirements of this section:
(a) By March 1, 2006, for employees currently
working;
(b) Upon initial assignment for new employees;
and
(c) When necessary to maintain proficiency
for employees previously trained.
(2) Employee training. The employer must ensure
that all employees are trained on:
(a) The emergency alarm signals, including
system discharge alarms and employee evacuation alarms; and
(b) The primary and secondary evacuation routes
that employees must use in the event of a fire in the workplace.
While all vessels and vessel sections must have a primary evacuation
route, a secondary evacuation route is not required when impracticable.
(3) Additional training requirements for employees
expected to fight incipient stage fires. The employer must ensure
that employees expected to fight incipient stage fires are trained
on the following:
(a) The general principles of using fire extinguishers
or hose lines, the hazards involved with incipient fire fighting,
and the procedures used to reduce these hazards;
(b) The hazards associated with fixed and
portable fire protection systems that employees may use or to
which they may be exposed during discharge of those systems;
and
(c) The activation and operation of fixed
and portable fire protection systems that the employer expects
employees to use in the workplace.
(4) Additional training requirements for shipyard
employees designated for fire response. The employer must:
(a) Have a written training policy stating
that fire response employees must be trained and capable of
carrying out their duties and responsibilities at all times;
(b) Keep written standard operating procedures
that address anticipated emergency operations and update these
procedures as necessary;
(c) Review fire response employee training
programs and hands-on sessions before they are used in fire
response training to make sure that fire response employees
are protected from hazards associated with fire response training;
(d) Provide training for fire response employees
that ensures they are capable of carrying out their duties and
responsibilities under the employer's standard operating procedures;
(e) Train new fire response employees before
they engage in emergency operations;
(f) At least quarterly, provide training on
the written operating procedures to fire response employees
who are expected to fight fires;
(g) Use qualified instructors to conduct the
training;
(h) Conduct any training that involves live
fire response exercises in accordance with NFPA 1403-2002 Standard
on Live Fire Training Evolutions (incorporated by reference,
see WAC 296-304-01003);
(i) Conduct semiannual drills according to
the employer's written procedures for fire response employees
that cover site-specific operations, occupancies, buildings,
vessels and vessel sections, and fire-related hazards; and
(j) Prohibit the use of smoke generating devices
that create a dangerous atmosphere in training exercises.
(5) Additional training requirements for fire
watch duty.
(a) The employer must ensure that each fire
watch is trained by an instructor with adequate fire watch knowledge
and experience to cover the items as follows:
(i) Before being assigned to fire watch
duty;
(ii) Whenever there is a change in operations
that presents a new or different hazard;
(iii) Whenever the employer has reason to
believe that the fire watch's knowledge, skills, or understanding
of the training previously provided is inadequate; and
(iv) Annually.
(b) The employer must ensure that each employee
who stands fire watch duty is trained in:
(i) The basics of fire behavior, the different
classes of fire and of extinguishing agents, the stages of
fire, and methods for extinguishing fires;
(ii) Extinguishing live fire scenarios whenever
allowed by local and federal law;
(iii) The recognition of the adverse health
effects that may be caused by exposure to fire;
(iv) The physical characteristics of the
hot work area;
(v) The hazards associated with fire watch
duties;
(vi) The personal protective equipment (PPE)
needed to perform fire watch duties safely;
(vii) The use of PPE;
(viii) The selection and use of any fire
extinguishers and fire hoses likely to be used by a fire watch
in the work area;
(ix) The location and use of barriers;
(x) The means of communication designated
by the employer for fire watches;
(xi) When and how to start fire alarm procedures;
and
(xii) The employer's evacuation plan.
(c) The employer must ensure that each fire
watch is trained to alert others to exit the space whenever:
(i) The fire watch perceives an unsafe condition;
(ii) The fire watch perceives that a worker
performing hot work is in danger;
(iii) The employer or a representative of
the employer orders an evacuation; or
(iv) An evacuation signal, such as an alarm,
is activated.
(6) Records. The employer must keep records
that demonstrate that employees have been trained as required
by subsections (1) through (5) of this section.
(a) The employer must ensure that the records
include the employee's name; the trainer's name; the type of
training; and the date(s) on which the training took place.
(b) The employer must keep each training record
for one year from the time it was made or until it is replaced
with a new training record, whichever is shorter, and make it
available for inspection and copying by WISHA on request.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-19-086 (Order
05-25), § 296-304-01019, filed 09/20/05, effective 12/01/05.
WAC 296-304-01021 Competent person.
(1) Application. This section applies to shipyard
employment.
(2) Designation.
(a) One or more competent persons shall be
designated by the employer in accordance with the applicable
requirements of this section, unless the requirements of WAC
296-304-020
through 296-304-02011,
WAC 296-304-030
through 296-304-03009,
WAC 296-304-040
through 296-304-04013,
and WAC 296-304-080
through 296-304-08011,
are always carried out by a marine chemist.
Exception: The employer may designate
any person who meets the applicable portions of the criteria set
forth in subsection (3) of this section as a competent person
who is limited to performing testing to the following situations:
(i) Repair work on small craft in boat yards
where only combustible gas indicator tests are required for
fuel tank leaks or when using flammable paints below decks;
(ii) Building of wooden vessels where only
knowledge of the precautions to be taken when using flammable
paints is required;
(iii) The breaking of vessels where there
is no fuel oil or other flammable hazard; and
(iv) Tests and inspections performed to
comply with WAC 296-304-03007
(2)(h) and 296-304-03009
(1)(e).
(b) The employer shall maintain either a roster
of designated competent persons or a statement that a marine
chemist will perform the tests or inspections which require
a competent person.
(c) The employer shall make the roster of
designated persons or the statement available to employees,
the employee's representative, or the director upon request.
(d) The roster shall contain, as a minimum,
the following:
(i) The employer's name;
(ii) The designated competent person's name(s);
and
(iii) The date the employee was trained
as a competent person.
(3) Criteria. The employer shall ensure that
each designated competent person has the following skills and
knowledge:
(a) Ability to understand and carry out written
or oral information or instructions left by marine chemists,
Coast Guard-authorized persons and certified industrial hygienists;
(b) Knowledge of WAC 296-304-020
through 296-304-02011,
WAC 296-304-030
through 296-304-03009,
WAC 296-304-040
through 296-304-04013,
and WAC 296-304-080
through 296-304-08011;
(c) Knowledge of the structure, location,
and designation of spaces where work is done;
(d) Ability to calibrate and use testing equipment
including, but not limited to, oxygen indicators, combustible
gas indicators, carbon monoxide indicators, and carbon dioxide
indicators, and to interpret accurately the test results of
that equipment;
(e) Ability to perform all required tests
and inspections which are or may be performed by a competent
person as set forth in WAC 296-304-020
through 296-304-02011,
WAC 296-304-030
through 296-304-03009,
WAC 296-304-040
through 296-304-04013,
and WAC 296-304-080
through 296-304-08011;
(f) Ability to inspect, test, and evaluate
spaces to determine the need for further testing by a marine
chemist or a certified industrial hygienist; and
(g) Ability to maintain records required by
this section.
(4) Recordkeeping.
(a) When tests and inspections are performed
by a competent person, marine chemist, or certified industrial
hygienist as required by any provisions of WAC 296-304-020
through 296-304-02011,
WAC 296-304-030
through 296-304-03009,
WAC 296-304-040
through 296-304-04013,
or WAC
296-304-080 through 296-304-08011,
the employer shall ensure that the person performing the test
and inspection records the location, time, date, location of
inspected spaces, and the operations performed, as well as the
test results and any instructions.
(b) The employer shall ensure that the records
are posted in the immediate vicinity of the affected operations
while work in the spaces is in progress. The records shall be
kept on file for a period of at least three months from the
completion date of the specific job for which they were generated.
(c) The employer shall ensure that the records
are available for inspection by the director, and employees
and their representatives.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-19-086 (Order
05-25), § 296-304-01019, filed 09/20/05, effective 12/01/05.
WAC 296-304-01023. Appendix A-Model fire
safety plan.
Note: This appendix is nonmandatory and provides
guidance to assist employers in establishing a fire safety plan
as required in WAC 296-304-01007.
Table of Contents
1. Purpose.
2. Worksite fire hazards and how to properly control them.
3. Alarm systems and how to report fires.
4. How to evacuate in different emergency situations.
5. Employee awareness.
1. Purpose.
The purpose of this fire safety plan is to inform
our employees of how we will control and reduce the possibility
of fire in the workplace and to specify what equipment employees
may use in case of fire.
2. Work site fire hazards and how to properly control them.
(a) Measures to contain fires.
(b) Teaching selected employees how to use fire protection equipment.
(c) What to do if you discover a fire.
(d) Potential ignition sources for fires and how to control them.
(e) Types of fire protection equipment and systems that can control
a fire.
(f) The level of fire fighting capability present in the facility,
vessel, or vessel section.
(g) Description of the personnel responsible for maintaining equipment,
alarms, and systems that are installed to prevent or control fire
ignition sources, and to control fuel source hazards.
3. Alarm systems and how to report fires.
(a) A demonstration of alarm procedures, if more than one type
exists.
(b) The worksite emergency alarm system.
(c) Procedures for reporting fires.
4. How to evacuate in different emergency situations.
(a) Emergency escape procedures and route assignments.
(b) Procedures to account for all employees after completing an
emergency evacuation.
(c) What type of evacuation is needed and what the employee’s
role is in carrying out the plan.
(d) Helping physically impaired employees.
5. Employee awareness.
Names, job titles, or departments of individuals who can be contacted
for further information about this plan.
[Statutory Authority: RCW
49.17.010, .020, .040, .050, and .060. 07-17-034, (Order 07-12),
§ 296-304-01023, filed 08/07/07, effective 12/01/07.]
WAC
296-304-020 Confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous
atmospheres in shipyard employment.
Scope, application and definitions applicable
to this subsection:
(1) Scope and application. This section applies
to work in confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres
in shipyard employment, including vessels, vessel sections, and
on land-side operations regardless of geographic location.
(2) Definitions applicable to this section:
Adjacent spaces means those spaces bordering
a subject space in all directions, including all points of contact,
corners, diagonals, decks, tank tops, and bulkheads.
Certified industrial hygienist (CIH)
means an industrial hygienist who is certified by the American
Board of Industrial Hygiene.
Coast Guard authorized person means an
individual who meets the requirement of WAC 296-304-02015,
Appendix C, for tank vessels, for passenger vessels, and for cargo
and miscellaneous vessels.
Dangerous atmosphere means an atmosphere
that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation,
impairment of ability to self-rescue (i.e., escape unaided from
a confined or enclosed space), injury, or acute illness.
Director means the director of the department
of labor and industries or his/her designated representative.
Enter with restrictions denotes a space
where entry for work is permitted only if engineering controls,
personal protective equipment, clothing, and time limitations
are as specified by the marine chemist, certified industrial hygienist,
or the shipyard competent person.
Entry means the action by which a person
passes through an opening into a space. Entry includes ensuing
work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred
as soon as any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of
an opening into the space.
Hot work means any activity involving
riveting, welding, burning, the use of powder-actuated tools or
similar fire-producing operations. Grinding, drilling, abrasive
blasting, or similar spark-producing operations are also considered
hot work except when such operations are isolated physically from
any atmosphere containing more than 10 percent of the lower explosive
limit of a flammable or combustible substance.
Immediately dangerous to life or health
(IDLH) means an atmosphere that poses an immediate threat
to life or that is likely to result in acute or immediate severe
health effects.
Inert or inerted atmosphere means an atmospheric
condition where:
(a) The oxygen content of the atmosphere in
the space is maintained at a level equal to or less than 8.0
percent by volume or at a level at or below 50 percent of the
amount required to support combustion, whichever is less; or
(b) The space is flooded with water and
the vapor concentration of flammable or combustible materials
in the free space atmosphere above the water line is less than
10 percent of the lower explosive limit for the flammable or
combustible material.
Labeled means identified with a sign,
placard, or other form of written communication, including pictograms,
that provides information on the status or condition of the work
space to which it is attached.
Lower explosive limit (LEL) means
the minimum concentration of vapor in air below which propagation
of a flame does not occur in the presence of an ignition source.
Marine chemist means an individual who
possesses a current marine chemist certificate issued by the National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
NFPA means National Fire Protection Association.
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory
(NRTL) means an organization recognized by OSHA, in accordance
with Appendix A of 29 CFR 1910.7, which tests for safety and lists
or labels or accepts equipment and materials that meet all the
criteria found in Section 1910.7(b)(1) through (b)(4)(ii).
Not safe for hot work denotes a space
where hot work may not be performed because the conditions do
not meet the criteria for “safe for hot work.”
Not safe for workers denotes a space where
an employee may not enter because the conditions do not meet the
criteria for “safe for workers.”
Oxygen-deficient atmosphere means an atmosphere
having an oxygen concentration of less than 19.5 percent by volume.
Oxygen-enriched atmosphere means an atmosphere
that contains 22.0 percent or more oxygen by volume.
Safe for hot work denotes a space that
meets all of the following criteria:
(a) The oxygen content of the atmosphere does
not exceed 22.0 percent by volume;
(b) The concentration of flammable vapors in
the atmosphere is less than 10 percent of the lower explosive
limit;
(c) The residues or materials in the space
are not capable of producing a higher concentration than permitted
in (a) or (b) of the above, under existing atmospheric conditions
in the presence of hot work and while maintained as directed
by the marine chemist or competent person; and
(d) All adjacent spaces have been cleaned,
or inerted, or treated sufficiently to prevent the spread of
fire.
Safe for workers denotes a space that
meets the following criteria:
(a) The oxygen content of the atmosphere is
at least 19.5 percent and below 22.0 percent by volume;
(b) The concentration of flammable vapors is
below 10 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL);
(c) Any toxic materials in the atmosphere associated
with cargo, fuel, tank coatings, or inerting media are within
permissible concentrations at the time of the inspection; and
(d) Any residues or materials associated with
the work authorized by the marine chemist, certified industrial
hygienist, or competent person will not produce uncontrolled
release of toxic materials under existing atmospheric conditions
while maintained as directed.
Space means an area on a vessel or vessel
section or within a shipyard such as, but not limited to: Cargo
tanks or holds; pump or engine rooms; storage lockers; tanks containing
flammable or combustible liquids, gases, or solids; rooms within
buildings; crawl spaces; tunnels; or accessways. The atmosphere
within a space is the entire area within its bounds.
Upper explosive limit (UEL) means
the maximum concentration of flammable vapor in air above which
propagation of flame does not occur on contact with a source of
ignition.
Vessel section means a subassembly, module,
or other component of a vessel being built, repaired, or broken.
Visual inspection means the physical survey
of the space, its surroundings and contents to identify hazards
such as, but not limited to, restricted accessibility, residues,
unguarded machinery, and piping or electrical systems.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .020, .040, .050, and .060. 07-17-034,
(Order 07-12), § 296-304-020, filed 08/07/07, effective 12/01/07.]
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006, § 296-304-020,
filed 1/18/95, effective 3/10/95; 93-04-111 (Order 92-15), § 296-304-020,
filed 2/3/93, effective 3/15/93; Order 74-25, § 296-304-020, filed
5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-02001 Reserved.
[Statutory Authority:
Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006, § 296-304-02001, filed 1/18/95,
effective 3/10/95; Order 76-7, § 296-304-02001, filed 3/1/76;
Order 74-25, § 296-304-02001, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-02003 Precautions and the order of testing before
entering confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres.
The employer shall ensure that atmospheric testing
is performed in the following sequence: Oxygen content, flammability,
toxicity.
(1) Oxygen content.
(a) The employer shall ensure that the following
spaces are visually inspected and tested by a competent person
to determine the atmosphere's oxygen content prior to initial
entry into the space by an employee:
(i) Spaces that have been sealed, such as,
but not limited to, spaces that have been coated and closed
up, and nonventilated spaces that have been freshly painted;
(ii) Spaces and adjacent spaces that contain
or have contained combustible or flammable liquids or gases;
(iii) Spaces and adjacent spaces that contain
or have contained liquids, gases, or solids that are toxic,
corrosive, or irritant;
(iv) Spaces and adjacent spaces that have
been fumigated; and
(v) Spaces containing materials or residues
of materials that create an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.
(b) If the space to be entered contains
an oxygen deficient atmosphere, the space shall be labeled “not
safe for workers” or, if oxygen-enriched, “not safe
for workers--not safe for hot work.” If an oxygen-deficient
or oxygen-enriched atmosphere is found, ventilation shall be
provided at volumes and flow rates sufficient to ensure that
the oxygen content is maintained at or above 19.5 percent and
below 22.0 percent by volume. The warning label may be removed
when the oxygen content is equal to or greater than 19.5 and
less than 22.0 percent by volume.
(c) An employee may not enter a space where
the oxygen content, by volume, is below 19.5 percent or above
22.0 percent.
Exception: An employee may
enter for emergency rescue or for a short duration for installation
of ventilation equipment necessary to start work in the space
provided:
(i) The atmosphere in the space is monitored
for oxygen content, by volume, continuously; and
(ii) Respiratory protection and other appropriate
personal protective equipment and clothing are provided in
accordance with WAC 296-304-090
through 296-304-09007.
Note to (a): Other provisions
for work in IDLH atmospheres are located in WAC 296-304-090
through
296-304-09007.
(2) Flammable atmospheres.
(a) The employer shall ensure that spaces and
adjacent spaces that contain or have contained combustible or
flammable liquids or gases are:
(i) Inspected visually by the competent person
to determine the presence of combustible or flammable liquids;
and
(ii) Tested by a competent person prior to
entry by an employee to determine the concentration of flammable
vapors and gases within the space.
(b) If the concentration of flammable vapors
or gases in the space to be entered is equal to or greater than
10 percent of the lower explosive limit, the space shall be
labeled “not safe for workers” and “not safe
for hot work.” Ventilation shall be provided at volumes
and flow rates sufficient to ensure that the concentration of
flammable vapors is maintained below 10 percent of the lower
explosive limit. The warning labels may be removed when the
concentration of flammable vapors is below 10 percent of the
lower explosive limit.
(c) An employee may not enter a space where
the concentration of flammable vapors or gases is equal to or
greater than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit. Exception:
An employee may enter for emergency rescue or for a short duration
for installation of ventilation equipment necessary to start
work in the space, provided:
(i) No ignition sources are present;
(ii) The atmosphere in the space is monitored
continuously;
(iii) Atmospheres at or above the upper explosive
limit are maintained; and
(iv) Respiratory protection and other
appropriate personal protective equipment and clothing are
provided in accordance with WAC 296-304-090 through 296-304-09007.
Note 1 to (2): Additional
provisions for work in IDLH atmospheres are located in WAC
296-304-090
through 296-304-09007.
Note 2 to (2): Additional
provisions for work in spaces containing a flammable substance
which also has a permissible exposure limit, are located in
subsection (3) of this section and chapter 296-841
WAC.
(3) Toxic, corrosive, irritant or fumigated atmospheres
and residues.
(a) The employer shall ensure that spaces or
adjacent spaces that contain or have contained liquids, gases,
or solids that are toxic, corrosive or irritant are:
(i) Inspected visually by the competent person
to determine the presence of toxic, corrosive, or irritant
residue contaminants; and
(ii) Tested by a competent person prior to
initial entry by an employee to determine the air concentration
of toxics, corrosives, or irritants within the space.
(b) If a space contains an air concentration
of a material which exceeds a chapter 296-841
WAC, permissible exposure limit (PEL) or is IDLH, the space
shall be labeled “not safe for workers.” Ventilation
shall be provided at volumes and flow rates which will ensure
that air concentrations are maintained within the PEL or, in
the case of contaminants for which there is no established PEL,
below the IDLH. The warning label may be removed when the concentration
of contaminants is maintained within the PEL or below IDLH level.
(c) If a space cannot be ventilated to within
the PELs or is IDLH, a marine chemist or CIH must re-test until
the space can be certified “enter with restrictions”
or “safe for workers.”
(d) An employee may not enter a space whose
atmosphere exceeds a PEL or is IDLH.
Exception: An employee
may enter for emergency rescue, or for a short duration for
installation of ventilation equipment provided:
(i) The atmosphere in the space is monitored
continuously;
(ii) Respiratory protection and other necessary
and appropriate personal protective equipment and clothing
are provided in accordance with WAC 296-304-090
through 296-304-09007.
Note to (3): Other provisions
for work in IDLH atmospheres are located in WAC 296-304-090
through 296-304-09007.
(4) Training of employees entering confined and
enclosed spaces or other dangerous atmospheres.
(a) The employer shall ensure that each employee
that enters a confined or enclosed space and other areas with
dangerous atmospheres is trained to perform all required duties
safely.
(b) The employer shall ensure that each employee
who enters a confined space, enclosed space, or other areas
with dangerous atmospheres is trained to:
(i) Recognize the characteristics of the
confined space;
(ii) Anticipate and be aware of the hazards
that may be faced during entry;
(iii) Recognize the adverse health effects
that may be caused by the exposure to a hazard;
(iv) Understand the physical signs and reactions
related to exposures to such hazards;
(v) Know what personal protective equipment
is needed for safe entry into and exit from the space;
(vi) Use personal protective equipment; and
(vii) Where necessary, be aware of the presence
and proper use of barriers that may be needed to protect an
entrant from hazards.
(c) The employer shall ensure that each entrant
into confined or enclosed spaces or other dangerous atmospheres
is trained to exit the space or dangerous atmosphere whenever:
(i) The employer or his or her representative
orders evacuation;
(ii) An evacuation signal such as an alarm
is activated; or
(iii) The entrant perceives that he or she
is in danger.
(d) The employer shall provide each employee
with training:
(i) Before the entrant begins work addressed
by this chapter; and
(ii) Whenever there is a change in operations
or in an employee's duties that presents a hazard about which
the employee has not previously been trained.
(e) The employer shall certify that the training
required by (a) through (d) of this subsection has been accomplished.
(i) The certification shall contain the employee's
name, the name of the certifier, and the date(s) of the certification.
(ii) The certification shall be available
for inspection by the director, employees, and their representatives.
(5) Rescue teams. The employer shall either establish
a shipyard rescue team or arrange for an outside rescue team which
will respond promptly to a request for rescue service.
(a) Shipyard rescue teams shall meet the following
criteria:
(i) Each employee assigned to the shipyard
team shall be provided with and trained to use the personal
protective equipment he or she will need, including respirators
and any rescue equipment necessary for making rescues from
confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres.
(ii) Each employee assigned to the shipyard
rescue team shall be trained to perform his or her rescue
functions including confined and enclosed and other dangerous
atmosphere entry.
(iii) Shipyard rescue teams shall practice
their skills at least once every 12 months. Practice drills
shall include the use of mannequins and rescue equipment during
simulated rescue operations involving physical facilities
that approximate closely those facilities from which rescue
may be needed.
Note to (5)(a)(iii):
If the team performs an actual rescue during the 12 month
period, an additional practice drill for that type of rescue
is not required.
(iv) At least one person on each rescue team
shall maintain current certification in basic first aid which
includes maintenance of an airway, control of bleeding, maintenance
of circulation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills.
(b) The employer shall inform outside rescue
teams of the hazards that the team may encounter when called
to perform confined and enclosed space or other dangerous atmosphere
rescue at the employer's facility so that the rescue team can
be trained and equipped.
Note to (5): The criteria
for in-house rescue, listed in (5)(a) can be used by the employer
in evaluating outside rescue services.
(6) Exchanging hazard information between employers.
Each employer whose employees work in confined and enclosed spaces
or other dangerous atmospheres shall ensure that all available
information on the hazards, safety rules, and emergency procedures
concerning those spaces and atmospheres is exchanged with any
other employer whose employees may enter the same spaces.
[Statutory Authority:
RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-03-093 (Order 04-41),
§ 296-304-02003, filed 01/18/05, effective 03/01/05. Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 95-22-015,
§ 296-304-02003, filed 10/20/95, effective 1/16/96. Statutory
Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006, § 296-304-02003, filed
1/18/95, effective 3/10/95; 93-19-142 (Order 93-04), § 296-304-02003,
filed 9/22/93, effective 11/1/93; Order 76-7, § 296-304-02003,
filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-02003, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-02005 Cleaning and other cold work.
(1) Locations covered by this section. The employer
shall ensure that manual cleaning and other cold work are not
performed in the following spaces unless the conditions of subsection
(2) of this section have been met:
(a) Spaces containing or having last contained
bulk quantities of combustible or flammable liquids or gases;
and
(b) Spaces containing or having last contained
bulk quantities of liquids, gases or solids that are toxic,
corrosive or irritating.
(2) Requirements for performing cleaning or cold
work.
(a) Liquid residues of hazardous materials
shall be removed from work spaces as thoroughly as practicable
before employees start cleaning operations or cold work in a
space. Special care shall be taken to prevent the spilling or
the draining of these materials into the water surrounding the
vessel, or for shore-side operations, onto the surrounding work
area.
(b) Testing shall be conducted by a competent
person to determine the concentration of flammable, combustible,
toxic, corrosive, or irritant vapors within the space prior
to the beginning of cleaning or cold work.
(c) Continuous ventilation shall be provided
at volumes and flow rates sufficient to ensure that the concentration(s)
of:
(i) Flammable vapor is maintained below 10
percent of the lower explosive limit; and
Note to (2)(c)(i): Spaces
containing highly volatile residues may require additional
ventilation to keep the concentration of flammable vapors
below 10 percent of the lower explosive limit and within the
permissible exposure limit.
(ii) Toxic, corrosive, or irritant vapors
are maintained within the permissible exposure limits and
below IDLH levels.
(d) Testing shall be conducted by the competent
person as often as necessary during cleaning or cold work to
assure that air concentrations are below 10 percent of the lower
explosive limit and within the PELs and below IDLH levels. Factors
such as, but not limited to, temperature, volatility of the
residues and other existing conditions in and about the spaces
are to be considered in determining the frequency of testing
necessary to assure a safe atmosphere.
Note to (2)(d): See WAC
296-304-02013--Appendix
B, for additional information on frequency of testing.
(e) Spills or other releases of flammable,
combustible, toxic, corrosive, and irritant materials shall
be cleaned up as work progresses.
(f) An employee may not enter a confined or
enclosed space or other dangerous atmosphere if the concentration
of flammable or combustible vapors in work spaces exceeds 10
percent of the lower explosive limit.
Exception: An employee
may enter for emergency rescue or for a short duration for installation
of ventilation equipment provided:
(i) No ignition sources are present;
(ii) The atmosphere in the space is monitored
continuously;
(iii) The atmosphere in the space is maintained
above the upper explosive limit; and
(iv) Respiratory protection, personal protective
equipment, and clothing are provided in accordance with WAC
206-304-090
through 296-304-09007.
Note to (2)(f): Other
provisions for work in IDLH and other dangerous atmospheres
are located in WAC 296-304-090
through 296-304-09007.
(g) A competent person shall test ventilation
discharge areas and other areas where discharged vapors may
collect to determine if vapors discharged from the spaces being
ventilated are accumulating in concentrations hazardous to employees.
(h) If the tests required in (g) of this subsection
indicate that concentrations of exhaust vapors that are hazardous
to employees are accumulating, all work in the contaminated
area shall be stopped until the vapors have dissipated or been
removed.
(i) Only explosion-proof, self-contained portable
lamps, or other electric equipment approved by a National Recognized
Testing Laboratory (NRTL) for the hazardous location shall be
used in spaces described in subsection (1) of this section,
until such spaces have been certified as “safe for workers.”
Note to (2)(i): Battery-fed,
portable lamps or other electric equipment bearing the approval
of a NRTL for the class, and division of the location in which
they are used are deemed to meet the requirements of (i) of
this subsection.
(j) The employer shall prominently post signs
that prohibit sources of ignition within or near a space that
has contained flammable or combustible liquids or gases in bulk
quantities:
(i) At the entrance to those spaces;
(ii) In adjacent spaces; and
(iii) In the open area adjacent to those
spaces.
(k) All air moving equipment and its component
parts, including duct work, capable of generating a static electric
discharge of sufficient energy to create a source of ignition,
shall be bonded electrically to the structure of a vessel or
vessel section or, in the case of land-side spaces, grounded
to prevent an electric discharge in the space.
(l) Fans shall have nonsparking blades, and
portable air ducts shall be of nonsparking materials.
Note to (2): See WAC 296-304-02003(3)
and applicable requirements of chapter 296-62 WAC, general occupational
health standards, for other provisions affecting cleaning and
cold work.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .020, .040, .050, and .060. 07-17-034,
(Order 07-12), § 296-304-02005, filed 08/07/07, effective
12/01/07.] Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006,
§ 296-304-02005, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/10/95; Order 74-25,
§ 296-304-02005, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-02007 Hot work.
(1) Hot work requiring testing by a marine chemist
or Coast Guard authorized person.
(a) The employer shall ensure that hot work
is not performed in or on any of the following confined and
enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres, boundaries
of spaces or pipelines until the work area has been tested and
certified by a marine chemist or a U.S. Coast Guard authorized
person as “safe for hot work”:
(i) Within, on, or immediately adjacent to
spaces that contain or have contained combustible or flammable
liquids or gases.
(ii) Within, on, or immediately adjacent
to fuel tanks that contain or have last contained fuel; and
(iii) On pipelines, heating coils, pump fittings
or other accessories connected to spaces that contain or have
last contained fuel.
(iv) Exception: On dry cargo, miscellaneous
and passenger vessels and in the landside operations within
spaces which meet the standards for oxygen, flammability and
toxicity in WAC 296-304-02003, but are adjacent to spaces
containing flammable gases or liquids, as long as the gases
or liquids with a flash point below 150 deg. F (65.6 deg.
C) when the distance between such spaces and the work is 25
feet (7.62 m) or greater.
Note: For flammable
liquids with flash points above 150 deg. F (65.6 deg. C),
see subsection (2) of this section.
Note to (1)(a): The
criteria for “safe for hot work” is located in
the definition section, WAC 296-304-020(2).
(b) The certificate issued by the marine chemist
or Coast Guard authorized person shall be posted in the immediate
vicinity of the affected operations while they are in progress
and kept on file for a period of at least three months from
the date of the completion of the operation for which the certificate
was generated.
(2) Hot work requiring testing by a competent
person.
(a) Hot work is not permitted in or on the
following spaces or adjacent spaces or other dangerous atmospheres
until they have been tested by a competent person and determined
to contain no concentrations of flammable vapors equal to or
greater than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit:
(i) Dry cargo holds;
(ii) The bilges;
(iii) The engine room and boiler spaces for
which a marine chemist or a Coast Guard authorized person
certificate is not required under subsection (1)(a)(i) of
this section; and
(iv) Vessels and vessel sections for which
a marine chemist or Coast Guard authorized person certificate
is not required under subsection (1)(a)(i) of this section;
and
(v) Land-side confined and enclosed spaces
or other dangerous atmospheres not covered by subsection (1)(a)
of this section.
(b) If the concentration of flammable vapors
or gases is equal to or greater than 10 percent of the lower
explosive limit in the space or an adjacent space where the
hot work is to be done, then the space shall be labeled “not
safe for hot work” and ventilation shall be provided at
volumes and flow rates sufficient to ensure that the concentration
of flammable vapors or gases is below 10 percent by volume of
the lower explosive limit. The warning label may be removed
when the concentration of flammable vapors and gases are below
10 percent of the lower explosive limit.
Note to WAC 296-304-02007:
See WAC 296-304-02013--Appendix B, for additional information
relevant to performing hot work safely.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .020, .040, .050, and .060. 07-17-034,
(Order 07-12), § 296-304-02007, filed 08/07/07, effective
12/01/07.] Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040,
49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-04-099 (Order 02-31), § 296-304-02007,
filed 02/04/03, effective 08/01/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010,
[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 95-22-015, § 296-304-02007, filed
10/20/95, effective 1/16/96. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17
RCW. 95-04-006, § 296-304-02007, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/10/95;
Order 76-7, § 296-304-02007, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-02007,
filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-02009 Maintenance of safe conditions.
(1) Preventing hazardous materials from entering.
Pipelines that could carry hazardous materials into spaces that
have been certified “safe for workers” or “safe
for hot work” shall be disconnected, blanked off, or otherwise
blocked by a positive method to prevent hazardous materials from
being discharged into the space.
(2) Alteration of existing conditions. When a
change that could alter conditions within a tested confined or
enclosed space or other dangerous atmosphere occurs, work in the
affected space or area shall be stopped. Work may not be resumed
until the affected space or area is visually inspected and retested
and found to comply with WAC 296-304-02003, 296-304-02005, and
296-304-02007, as applicable.
Note to (2): Examples of
changes that would warrant the stoppage of work include: The opening
of manholes or other closures or the adjusting of a valve regulating
the flow of hazardous materials.
(3) Tests to maintain the conditions of a marine
chemist's or Coast Guard authorized person's certificates. A competent
person shall visually inspect and test each space certified as
“safe for workers” or “safe for hot work,”
as often as necessary to ensure that atmospheric conditions within
that space are maintained within the conditions established by
the certificate after the certificate has been issued.
(4) Change in the conditions of a marine chemist's
or Coast Guard authorized person's certificate. If a competent
person finds that the atmospheric conditions within a certified
space fail to meet the applicable requirements of WAC 296-304-02003,
296-304-02005, and 296-304-02007, work in the certified space
shall be stopped and may not be resumed until the space has been
retested by a marine chemist or Coast Guard authorized person
and a new certificate issued in accordance with WAC 296-304-02007(1).
(5) Tests to maintain a competent person's findings.
After a competent person has conducted a visual inspection and
tests required in WAC 296-304-02003, 296-304-02005, and 296-304-02007
and determined a space to be safe for an employee to enter, he
or she shall continue to test and visually inspect spaces as often
as necessary to ensure that the required atmospheric conditions
within the tested space are maintained.
(6) Changes in conditions determined by competent
person's findings. After the competent person has determined initially
that a space is safe for an employee to enter and he or she finds
subsequently that the conditions within the tested space fail
to meet the requirements of WAC 296-304-02003, 296-304-02005,
and 296-304-02007, as applicable, work shall be stopped until
the conditions in the tested space are corrected to comply with
WAC 296-304-02003, 296-304-02005, and 296-304-02007, as applicable.
[Statutory Authority:
RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-04-099
(Order 02-31), § 296-304-02009, filed 02/04/03, effective
08/01/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].050 and
[49.17].060. 95-22-015, § 296-304-02009, filed 10/20/95, effective
1/16/96. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006, §
296-304-02009, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/10/95; Order 76-7, §
296-304-02009, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-02009, filed
5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-02011 Warning signs and labels.
(1) Employee comprehension of signs and labels.
The employer shall ensure that each sign or label posted to comply
with the requirements of this section is presented in a manner
that can be perceived and understood by all employees.
(2) Posting of large work areas. A warning sign
or label required by subsection (1) of this section need not be
posted at an individual tank, compartment or work space within
a work area if the entire work area has been tested and certified:
“Not safe for workers,” “not safe for hot work,”
and if the sign or label to this effect is posted conspicuously
at each means of access to the work area.
[Statutory Authority:
Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006, § 296-304-02011, filed 1/18/95,
effective 3/10/95; Order 74-25, § 296-304-02011, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-02013 Appendix B-Compliance assistance guidelines
for confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres.
This appendix is a nonmandatory set of guidelines
provided to assist employers in complying with the requirements
of WAC 296-304-020 through 296-304-02011. This appendix neither
creates additional obligations nor detracts from obligations otherwise
contained in this chapter. It is intended to provide explanatory
information and educational material to employers and employees
to foster understanding of, and compliance with, this chapter.
WAC 296-304-020 through 296-304-02011. These
standards are minimum safety standards for entering and working
safely in vessel tanks and compartments.
WAC 296-304-020(2) Definition of “Hot work.”
There are several instances in which circumstances do not necessitate
that grinding, drilling, abrasive blasting be regarded as hot
work. Some examples are:
(1) Abrasive blasting of the hull for paint preparation
does not necessitate pumping and cleaning the tanks of a vessel.
(2) Prior to hot work on any hollow structure,
the void space should be tested and appropriate precautions taken.
WAC 296-304-020(2) Definition of “Lower
explosive limit.” The terms lower flammable limit (LFL)
and lower explosive limit (LEL) are used interchangeably in fire
science literature.
WAC 296-304-020(2) Definition of “Upper
explosive limit.” The terms upper flammable limit (UFL)
and upper explosive limit (UEL) are used interchangeably in fire
science literature.
WAC 296-304-02003(1) After a tank has been properly
washed and ventilated, the tank should contain 20.8 percent oxygen
by volume. This is the same amount found in our normal atmosphere
at sea level. However, it is possible that the oxygen content
will be lower. When this is the case, the reasons for this deficiency
should be determined and corrective action taken.
An oxygen content of 19.5 percent can support
life and is adequate for entry. However, any oxygen level less
than 20.8 percent and greater than 19.5 percent level should also
alert the competent person to look for the causes of the oxygen
deficiency and to correct them prior to entry.
WAC 296-304-02003(2) Flammable atmospheres. Atmospheres
with a concentration of flammable vapors at or above 10 percent
of the lower explosive limit (LEL) are considered hazardous when
located in confined spaces. However, atmospheres with flammable
vapors below 10 percent of the LEL are not necessarily safe.
Such atmospheres are too lean to burn. Nevertheless,
when a space contains or produces measurable flammable vapors
below the 10 percent LEL, it might indicate that flammable vapors
are being released or introduced into the space and could present
a hazard in time. Therefore, the cause of the vapors should be
investigated and, if possible, eliminated prior to entry.
Some situations that have produced measurable
concentrations of flammable vapors that could exceed 10 percent
of the LEL in time are:
(1) Pipelines that should have been blanked or
disconnected have opened, allowing product into the space.
(2) The vessel may have shifted, allowing product
not previously cleaned and removed during washing to move into
other areas of the vessel.
(3) Residues may be producing the atmosphere
by releasing flammable vapor.
WAC 296-304-02003(2) Flammable atmospheres that
are toxic. An atmosphere with a measurable concentration of a
flammable substance below 10 percent of the LEL may be above the
WISHA permissible exposure limit for that substance. In that case,
refer to WAC 296-304-02003 (3)(b), (c), and (d).
WAC 296-304-02005 (2)(d), 296-304-02009(3), and
296-304-02009(5). The frequency with which a tank is monitored
to determine if atmospheric conditions are being maintained is
a function of several factors that are discussed below:
(1) Temperature. Higher temperatures will cause
a combustible or flammable liquid to vaporize at a faster rate
than lower temperatures. This is important since hotter days may
cause tank residues to produce more vapors and that may result
in the vapors exceeding 10 percent of the LEL or an overexposure
to toxic contaminants.
(2) Work in the tank. Any activity in the tank
could change the atmospheric conditions in that tank. Oxygen from
a leaking oxyfuel hose or torch could result in an oxygen-enriched
atmosphere that would more easily propagate a flame. Some welding
operations use inert gas, and leaks can result in an oxygen-deficient
atmosphere. Manual tank cleaning with high pressure spray devices
can stir up residues and result in exposures to toxic contaminants.
Simple cleaning or mucking out, where employees walk through and
shovel residues and sludge, can create a change in atmospheric
conditions.
(3) Period of time elapsed. If a period of time
has elapsed since a marine chemist or Coast Guard authorized person
has certified a tank as safe, the atmospheric condition should
be rechecked by the competent person prior to entry and starting
work.
(4) Unattended tanks or spaces. When a tank or
space has been tested and declared safe, then subsequently left
unattended for a period of time, it should be retested prior to
entry and starting work. For example, when barges are left unattended
at night, unidentified products from another barge are sometimes
dumped into their empty tanks. Since this would result in a changed
atmosphere, the tanks should be retested prior to entry and starting
work.
(5) Work break. When workers take a break or
leave at the end of the shift, equipment sometimes is inadvertently
left in the tanks. At lunch or work breaks and at the end of the
shift are the times when it is most likely someone will leave
a burning or cutting torch in the tank, perhaps turned on and
leaking oxygen or an inert gas. Since the former can produce an
oxygen-enriched atmosphere, and the latter an oxygen-deficient
atmosphere, tanks should be checked for equipment left behind,
and atmosphere, monitored if necessary prior to re-entering and
resuming work. In an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, the flammable
range is severely broadened. This means that an oxygen-enriched
atmosphere can promote very rapid burning.
(6) Ballasting or trimming. Changing the position
of the ballast, or trimming or in any way moving the vessel so
as to expose cargo that had been previously trapped, can produce
a change in the atmosphere of the tank. The atmosphere should
be retested after any such move and prior to entry or work.
WAC 296-304-02007 (1) and (2) hot work. This
is a reminder that other sections of the WISHA shipyard safety
and health standards in chapter 296-304 WAC should be reviewed
prior to starting any hot work. Most notably, WAC 296-304-040
through 296-304-04013, welding, cutting and heating, places additional
restrictions on hot work: The requirements of WAC 296-304-04001
and 296-304-04005 must be met before hot work is begun on any
metal that is toxic or is covered by a preservative coating respectively;
the requirements of WAC 296-304-04007 must be met before welding,
cutting, or heating is begun on any structural voids.
WAC 296-304-02003 (1)(b). During hot work, more
than 20.8 percent oxygen by volume can be unsafe since it extends
the normal flammable range. The standard permits the oxygen level
to reach 22.0 percent by volume in order to account for instrument
error. However, the cause of excess oxygen should be investigated
and the source removed.
WAC 296-304-02011(2). If the entire vessel has
been found to be in the same condition, then employers shall be
considered to be in compliance with this requirement when signs
using appropriate warning language in accordance with WAC 296-304-02011(1)
are posted at the gangway and at all other means of access to
the vessel.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .020, .040, .050, and .060. 07-17-034,
(Order 07-12), § 296-304-02013, filed 08/07/07, effective
12/01/07.] [Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006,
§ 296-304-02013, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/10/95.]
WAC
296-304-02015 Appendix
C-Confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres
in shipyard employment.
This appendix provides a complete reprint of
U.S. Coast Guard regulations as of October 1, 1993 referenced
in WAC 296-304-020 for purposes of determining who is a Coast
Guard authorized person.
(1) Title 46 CFR 35.01-1 (a) through (c) covering
hot work on tank vessels reads as follows:
(a) The provisions of “Standard for the
Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels to be Repaired,” NFPA
No. 306, published by National Fire Protection Association,
1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, shall be used as a guide
in conducting the inspections and issuance of certificates required
by this chapter.
(b) Until an inspection has been made to determine
that such operation can be undertaken with safety, no alterations,
repairs, or other such operations involving riveting, welding,
burning, or like fire-producing actions shall be made:
(i) Within or on the boundaries of cargo
tanks that have been used to carry flammable or combustible
liquid or chemicals in bulk, or within spaces adjacent to
such cargo tanks; or
(ii) Within or on the boundaries of fuel
tanks; or
(iii) To pipe lines, heating coils, pumps,
fittings, or other appurtenances connected to such cargo or
fuel tanks.
(c) Such inspections shall be made and evidenced
as follows:
(i) In ports or places in the United States
or its territories and possessions, the inspection shall be
made by a marine chemist certificated by the National Fire
Protection Association; however, if the services of such certified
marine chemists are not reasonably available, the Officer
in Charge, Marine Inspection, upon the recommendation of the
vessel owner and his/her contractor or their representative,
shall select a person who, in the case of an individual vessel,
shall be authorized to make such inspection.
(ii) If the inspection indicates that such
operations can be undertaken with safety, a certificate setting
forth the fact in writing and qualified as may be required,
shall be issued by the certified marine chemist or the authorized
person before the work is started.
(iii) Such qualifications shall include any
requirements as may be deemed necessary to maintain, insofar
as can reasonably be done, the safe conditions in the spaces
certified, throughout the operation and shall include such
additional tests and certifications as considered required.
(iv) Such qualifications and requirements
shall include precautions necessary to eliminate or minimize
hazards that may be present from protective coatings or residues
from cargoes.
(2) Title 46 CFR 71.60(c)(1) covering hot work
on passenger vessels reads as follows:
(a) The provisions of “Standard for the
Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels to be Repaired,” NFPA
No. 306, published by National Fire Protection Association,
1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, shall be used as a guide
in conducting the inspections and issuance of certificates required
by this chapter.
(b) Until an inspection has been made to determine
that such operation can be undertaken with safety, no alterations,
repairs, or other such operations involving riveting, welding,
burning, or like fire-producing actions shall be made:
(i) Within or on the boundaries of cargo
tanks which have been used to carry flammable or combustible
liquid or chemicals in bulk, or within spaces adjacent to
such cargo tanks; or
(ii) Within or on the boundaries of fuel
tanks; or
(iii) To pipe lines, heating coils, pumps,
fittings, or other appurtenances connected to such cargo or
fuel tanks.
(c) Such inspections shall be made and evidenced
as follows:
(i) In ports or places in the United States
or its territories and possessions the inspection shall be
made by a marine chemist certificated by the National Fire
Protection Association; however, if the services of such certified
marine chemist are not reasonably available, the Officer in
Charge, Marine Inspection, upon the recommendation of the
vessel owner and his/her contractor or their representative,
shall select a person who, in the case of an individual vessel,
shall be authorized to make such inspection.
(ii) If the inspection indicated that such
operations can be undertaken with safety, a certificate setting
forth the fact in writing and qualified as may be required,
shall be issued by the certified marine chemist or the authorized
person before the work is started.
(iii) Such qualifications shall include any
requirements as may be deemed necessary to maintain, insofar
as can reasonably be done, the safe conditions in the spaces
certified throughout the operation and shall include such
additional tests and certifications as considered required.
(iv) Such qualifications and requirements
shall include precautions necessary to eliminate or minimize
hazards that may be present from protective coatings or residues
from cargoes.
(3) Title 46 CFR 91.50-1(c)(1) covering hot work
on cargo and miscellaneous vessels as follows:
(a) The provisions of “Standard for the
Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels to be Repaired,” NFPA
No. 306, published by National Fire Protection Association,
1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, shall be used as a guide
in conducting the inspections and issuance of certificates required
by this chapter.
(b) Until an inspection has been made to determine
that such operation can be undertaken with safety, no alterations,
repairs, or other such operations involving riveting, welding,
burning, or like fire-producing actions shall be made:
(i) Within or on the boundaries of cargo
tanks which have been used to carry flammable or combustible
liquid or chemicals in bulk, or within spaces adjacent to
such cargo tanks; or,
(ii) Within or on the boundaries of fuel
tanks; or,
(iii) To pipe lines, heating coils, pumps,
fittings, or other appurtenances connected to such cargo or
fuel tanks.
(c) Such inspections shall be made and evidenced
as follows:
(i) In ports or places in the United States
or its territories and possessions the inspection shall be
made by a marine chemist certificated by the National Fire
Protection Association; however, if the services of such certified
marine chemist are not reasonably available, the Officer in
Charge, Marine Inspection, upon the recommendation of the
vessel owner and his/her contractor or their representative,
shall select a person who, in the case of an individual vessel,
shall be authorized to make such inspection.
(ii) If the inspection indicated that such
operations can be undertaken with safety, a certificate setting
forth the fact in writing and qualified as may be required,
shall be issued by the certified marine chemist or the authorized
person before the work is started.
(iii) Such qualifications shall include any
requirements as may be deemed necessary to maintain, insofar
as can reasonably be done, the safe conditions in the spaces
certified throughout the operation and shall include such
additional tests and certifications as considered required.
(iv) Such qualifications and requirements
shall include precautions necessary to eliminate or minimize
hazards that may be present from protective coatings or residues
from cargoes.
[Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .020, .040, .050, and .060. 07-17-034,
(Order 07-12), § 296-304-02015, filed 08/07/07, effective
12/01/07.] Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006,
§ 296-304-02015, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/10/95.]
WAC
296-304-030 Surface preparation and preservation-Scope and
application.
All sections of this chapter which include WAC
296-304-030 in the section number apply to surface preparation
and preservation and WAC 296-304-03001 to 296-304-03009 applies
only to shipbuilding and ship repairing.
[Order 74-25,
§ 296-304-030, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-03001 Toxic cleaning solvents.
(1) When toxic solvents are used, the employer
shall employ one or more of the following measures to safeguard
the health of employees exposed to these solvents.
(a) The cleaning operation shall be completely
enclosed to prevent the escape of vapor into the working space.
(b) Either natural ventilation or mechanical
exhaust ventilation shall be used to remove the vapor at the
source and to dilute the concentration of vapors in the working
space to a concentration which is safe for the entire work period.
(c) The employer must ensure that employees
are protected against:
-
Toxic vapors by suitable respiratory protective
equipment that meets the requirements of chapter 296-842
WAC; and
-
Exposure of skin and eyes to contact with
toxic solvents and their vapors by suitable clothing and
equipment.
(2) The principles in the threshold limit values
to which attention is directed in WAC 296-304-02005 and applicable
sections in chapters 296-62 and 296-841 WAC will be used by the
department of labor and industries in enforcement proceedings
in defining a safe concentration of air contaminants.
(3) When flammable solvents are used, precautions
shall be taken in accordance with the requirements of WAC 296-304-03009.
[Statutory Authority:
RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-03-093 (Order 04-41),
§ 296-304-03001, filed 01/18/05, effective 03/01/05. Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060; 98-02-006 (Order
96-18), § 296-304-03001, filed 12/26/97, effective 3/1/98; Statutory
Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW.; 95-04-006, § 296-304-03001, filed
1/18/95, effective 3/10/95; 93-19-142 (Order 93-04), § 296-304-03001,
filed 9/22/93, effective 11/1/93; Order 76-7, § 296-304-03001,
filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-03001, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-03003 Chemical paint and preservative removers.
(1) The employer must ensure that employees are
protected against:
(2) When using flammable paint and preservative
removers precautions shall be taken in accordance with the requirements
of WAC 296-304-03009.
(3) When using chemical paint and preservative
removers which contain volatile and toxic solvents, such as benzol,
acetone and amyl acetate, the provisions of WAC 296-304-03001
shall be applicable.
(4) The employer must ensure that employees using
paint and rust removers containing strong acids or alkalies are
protected by suitable face shields to prevent chemical burns on
the face and neck according to the requirements of WAC 296-304-09005
(1) and (2).
(5) The employer must ensure that all employees
working within range of a steam gun blast are protected by suitable
face shields according to the requirements of WAC 296-304-09005
(1) and (2). Metal parts of the steam gun itself must be insulated
to protect the operator against heat burns.
[Statutory Authority:
RCW 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060; 98-02-006 (Order 96-18),
§ 296-304-03003, filed 12/26/97, effective 3/1/98; Statutory Authority:
Order 74-25, § 296-304-03003, filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304-03005 Mechanical paint removers.
(1) Power tools.
(a) The employer must ensure that employees
engaged in the removal of paints, preservatives, rusts or other
coatings by means of power tools are protected against eye injury
by goggles or face shields that meets the requirements of WAC
296-304-09005 (1) and (2).
(b) All portable rotating tools used for the
removal of paints, preservatives, rusts or other coatings shall
be adequately guarded to protect both the operator and nearby
workers from flying missiles.
(c) Portable electric tools shall be grounded
in accordance with the requirements of WAC 296-304-08003 (1)
and (2).
(d) In a confined space, the employer must
provide mechanical exhaust ventilation sufficient to keep the
dust concentration to a minimum, or must protect employees by
respiratory protective equipment that meets the requirements
of chapter 296-842 WAC.
(2) Flame removal.
(a) The employer must ensure that when hardened
preservative coatings are removed by flame in enclosed spaces,
the employees exposed to fumes are protected by air line respirators
that meet the requirements of chapter 296-842 WAC. Employees
performing this operation in the open air, and those exposed
to the resulting fumes, must be protected by a fume filter respirator
that meets the requirements of chapter 296-842 WAC.
(b) Flame or heat shall not be used to remove
soft and greasy preservative coatings.
(3) Abrasive blasting.
(a) Equipment. Hoses and fittings used for
abrasive blasting shall meet the following requirements:
(i) Hoses. Hose of a type to prevent shocks
from static electricity shall be used.
(ii) Hose couplings. House lengths shall
be joined by metal couplings secured to the outside of the
hose to avoid erosion and weakening of the couplings.
(iii) Nozzles. Nozzles shall be attached
to the hose by fittings that will prevent the nozzle from
unintentionally becoming disengaged. Nozzle attachments shall
be of metal and shall fit onto the hose externally.
(iv) Dead man control. A dead man control
device shall be provided at the nozzle end of the blasting
hose either to provide direct cutoff or to signal the pot
tender by means of a visual and audible signal to cut off
the flow, in the event the blaster loses control of the hose.
The pot tender shall be available at all times to respond
immediately to the signal.
(b) Replacement. Hoses and all fittings used
for abrasive blasting shall be inspected frequently to insure
timely replacement before an unsafe amount of wear has occurred.
(c) Personal protective equipment.
(i) The employer must ensure that abrasive
blasters working in enclosed spaces are protected by abrasive
blasting respirators that meet the requirements of chapter
296-818 WAC, Abrasive blasting and chapter 296-842 WAC.
(ii) The employer must ensure that abrasive
blasters working in the open are protected as required in
subsection (1) of this section.
Exception: When synthetic
abrasives containing less than one percent free silica are
used, the employer may substitute particulate or dust filter
respirators that are approved by the National Institute of
Safety and Health (NIOSH) and used according to 296-842 WAC.
(iii) The employer must ensure that employees,
including machine tenders and abrasive recovery workers, working
in areas where unsafe concentrations of abrasive materials
and dusts are present are protected by eye and respiratory
protective equipment that meets the requirements of WAC 296-304-09005
(1) and (2) and chapter 296-842 WAC.
Exception: This requirement
does not apply to blasters.
(iv) The employer must ensure that a blaster
is protected against injury from exposure to the blast by
appropriate protective clothing, including gloves that meet
the requirements of WAC 296-304-09015(1).
(v) A surge from a drop in pressure in the
hose line can throw a blaster off the staging. To protect
against this hazard, the employer must ensure that a blaster
is protected by a personal fall arrest system, that meets
the requirements of WAC 296-304-09021. The personal fall arrest
system must be tied off to the ship or other structure during
blasting from elevations where adequate fall protection cannot
be provided by railings.
[Statutory Authority:
RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 06-12-074 (Order 06-05),
§ 296-304-03005, filed 06/06/06, effective 09/01/06. Statutory
Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 05-03-093 (Order
04-41), § 296-304-03005, filed 01/18/05, effective 03/01/05.
Statutory Authority: Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, 49.17.050,
49.17.060; 98-02-006 (Order 96-18), § 296-304-03005, filed 12/26/97,
effective 3/1/98; Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW 95-04-006,
§ 296-304-03005, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/10/95; 93-19-142 (Order
93-04), § 296-304-03005, filed 9/22/93, effective 11/1/93; Order
76-7, § 296-304-03005, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-03005,
filed 5/7/74.]
WAC
296-304 Continued
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