WAC 296-304-070 Gear and equipment for rigging and materials handling-Scope and application. 

All sections of this chapter which include WAC 296-304-070 in the section number apply to gear and equipment for rigging and materials handling.

[Order 74-25, § 296-304-070, filed 5/7/74.]

WAC 296-304-07001 Inspection.

(1) All gear and equipment provided by the employer for rigging and materials handling shall be inspected before each shift and, when necessary, at intervals during its use to ensure that is safe. Defective gear shall be removed and repaired or replaced before further use.

(2) The safe working load of gear as specified in WAC 296-304-07003 and 296-304-07005 shall not be exceeded.

[Order 74-25, § 296-304-07001, filed 5/7/74.]

WAC 296-304-07003 Ropes, chains and slings.

(1) Manila rope and manila rope slings.

(a) Table G-1 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the safe working load of various sizes of manila rope and manila rope slings at various angles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products: Provided, That a safety factor of not less than five is maintained.

(2) Wire rope and wire rope slings.

(a) Tables G-2 through G-5 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classifications of improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope slings with various types of terminals. For sizes, classifications and grades not included in these tables, the safe working load recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products shall be followed: Provided, That a safety factor of not less than five is maintained.

(b) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted.

(c) Where U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes, Table G-6 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the number and spacing of clips. The U-bolt shall be applied so that the “U” section is in contact with the dead end of the rope.

(d) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots.

(3) Chains and chain slings.

(a) Tables G-7 and G-8 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the working load limit of various sizes of wrought iron and alloy steel chains and chain slings, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products.

(b) All sling chains, including end fastenings, shall be given a visual inspection before being used on the job. A thorough inspection of all chains in use shall be made every 3 months. Each chain shall bear an indication of the month in which it was thoroughly inspected. The thorough inspection shall include inspection for wear, defective welds, deformation and increase in length or stretch.

(c) Interlink wear, not accompanied by stretch in excess of 5 percent, shall be noted and the chain removed from service when maximum allowable wear at any point of link, as indicated in Table G-9 in WAC 296-304-07011 has been reached.

(d) Chain slings shall be removed from service when, due to stretch, the increase in length of a measured section exceeds five percent; when a link is bent, twisted or otherwise damaged; or when raised scarfs or defective welds appear.

(e) All repairs to chains shall be made under qualified supervision. Links or portions of the chain found to be defective as described in (d) of this section shall be replaced by links having proper dimensions and made of material similar to that of the chain. Before repaired chains are returned to service, they shall be proof tested to the proof test load recommended by the manufacturer.

(f) Wrought iron chains in constant use shall be annealed or normalized at intervals not exceeding six months when recommended by the manufacturer. The chain manufacturer shall be consulted for recommended procedures for annealing or normalizing. Alloy chains shall never be annealed.

(g) A load shall not be lifted with a chain having a kink or knot in it. A chain shall not be shortened by bolting, wiring or knotting.

[Order 76-7, § 296-304-07003, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-07003, filed 5/7/74.]

WAC 296-304-07005 Shackles and hooks.

(1) Shackles.

(a) Table G-10 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes of shackles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products: Provided, That a safety factor of not less than five is maintained.

(2) Hooks.

(a) The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable manufacturer's recommendations are available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests.

(b) Loads shall be applied to the throat of the hook since loading the point overstresses and bends or springs the hook.

(c) Hooks shall be inspected periodically to see that they have not been bent by overloading. Bent or sprung hooks shall not be used.

[Order 76-7, § 296-304-07005, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-07005, filed 5/7/74.]

WAC 296-304-07007 Chain falls and pull-lifts.

(1) Chain falls and pull-lifts shall be clearly marked to show the capacity and the capacity shall not be exceeded.

(2) Chain falls shall be regularly inspected to ensure that they are safe, particular attention being given to the lift chain, pinion, sheaves and hooks for distortion and wear. Pull-lifts shall be regularly inspected to ensure that they are safe, particular attention being given to the ratchet, pawl, chain and hooks for distortion and wear.

(3) Straps, shackles, and the beam or overhead structure to which a chain fall or pull-lift is secured shall be of adequate strength to support the weight of load plus gear. The upper hook shall be moused or otherwise secured against coming free of its support.

(4) Scaffolding shall not be used as a point of attachment for lifting devices, such as tackles, chain falls, and pull-lifts unless the scaffolding is specifically designed for that purpose.

[Order 74-25, § 296-304-07007, filed 5/7/74.]

WAC 296-304-07009 Hoisting and hauling equipment.

(1) Derrick and crane certification:

(a) Derricks and cranes which are part of, or regularly placed aboard barges, other vessels, or on wingwalls of floating drydocks, and are used to transfer materials or equipment from or to a vessel or drydock, shall be tested and certificated in accordance with the standards provided in WAC 296-304-130 gear certification, by persons accredited for that purpose.

(b) Subsection (a) of this section shall take effect 180 days after the effective date of the amendment.

(2) The moving parts of hoisting and hauling equipment shall be guarded.

(3) Mobile crawler or truck cranes used on a vessel:

(a) The maximum manufacturer's rated safe working loads for the various working radii of the boom and the maximum and minimum radii at which the boom may be safely used with and without outriggers shall be conspicuously posted near the controls and shall be visible to the operator. A radius indicator shall be provided.

(b) The posted safe working loads of mobile crawler or truck cranes under the conditions of use shall not be exceeded.

(4) Accessible areas within the swing radius of the outermost part of the body of a revolving derrick or crane whether permanently or temporarily mounted, shall be guarded in such a manner as to prevent an employee from being in such a position as to be struck by the crane or caught between the crane and fixed parts of the vessel or of the crane itself.

(5) Marine railways:

(a) The cradle or carriage on the marine railway shall be positively blocked or secured when in the hauled position to prevent it from being accidentally released.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-04-099 (Order 02-31), § 296-304-07009, filed 02/04/03, effective 08/01/03. Order 74-25, § 296-304-07009, filed 5/7/74.]

WAC 296-304-07011 Use of gear.

(1) Loads shall be safely rigged before being hoisted.

(2) Plates shall be handled on and off hulls by means of shackles whenever possible. Clips or pads of ample size shall be welded to the plate to receive the shackle pins whenever there are no holes in the plate. When it is not possible to make holes in or to weld pads to the plate, alligator tongs, grab hooks, grab clamps or screw clamps may be used. In such cases special precautions shall be taken to keep employees from under such lifts.

(3) Tag lines shall be provided on loads likely to swing or to need guidance.

(4) When slings are secured to eyebolts, the slings shall be so arranged, using spreaders if necessary, that the pull is within 20 degrees of the axis of the bolt.

(5) Slings shall be padded by means of wood blocks or other suitable material where they pass over sharp edges or corners of loads so as to prevent cutting or kinking.

(6) Skips shall be rigged to be handled by not less than 3 legged bridles, and all legs shall always be used. When open end skips are used, means shall be taken to prevent the contents from falling.

(7) Loose ends of idle legs of slings in use shall be hung on the hook.

(8) Employees shall not be permitted to ride the hook or the load.

(9) Loads (tools, equipment or other materials) shall not be swung or suspended over the heads of employees.

(10) Pieces of equipment or structure susceptible to falling or dislodgement shall be secured or removed as early as possible.

(11) An individual who is familiar with the signal code in use shall be assigned to act as a signalman when the hoist operator cannot see the load being handled. Communications shall be made by means of clear and distinct visual or auditory signals except that verbal signals shall not be permitted.

(12) Pallets, when used, shall be of such material and construction and so maintained as to safely support and carry the loads being handled on them.

(13) A section of hatch through which materials or equipment are being raised, lowered, moved, or otherwise shifted manually or by a crane, winch, hoist, or derrick, shall be completely opened. The beam or pontoon left in place adjacent to an opening shall be sufficiently lashed, locked or otherwise secured to prevent it from moving so that it cannot be displaced by accident.

(14) Hatches shall not be opened or closed while employees are in the square of the hatch below.

(15) Before loads or empty lifting gear are raised, lowered, or swung, clear and sufficient advance warning shall be given to employees in the vicinity of such operations.

(16) At no time shall an employee be permitted to place himself in hazardous position between a swinging load and a fixed object.

TABLE E-1

DIMENSIONS AND SPACING OF WOOD

INDEPENDENT-POLE SCAFFOLD MEMBERS

TABLE E-2

SPECIFICATIONS FOR SIDE RAILS OF LADDERS

TABLE E-3

SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSES

TABLE E-4

SAFE CENTER LOADS FOR SCAFFOLD PLANK

OF 1,100 POUNDS FIBER STRESS

[Codification note: The graphic presentation of this table has been varied in order that it would fall within the printing specifications for the Washington Administrative Code. The following table had lumber dimensions in the table heading typed in vertically across the page while the remainder of the table was typed horizontally on the page. The “Span in Feet” materials (6 through 16) which ran top to bottom has been switched to run left to right on the page. The “Lumber dimensions in inches” which ran left to right on the page has been switched to run top to bottom on the page.]

(A)-Rough lumber.

(B)-Dressed lumber.

TABLE G-1

MANILA ROPE

(in pounds or tons of 2000 pounds)

TABLE G-2

RATED CAPACITIES FOR IMPROVED PLOW

STEEL, INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE,

WIRE ROPE AND WIRE ROPE SLINGS

(in tons of 2,000 pounds)

(A) - Socket or swaged terminal attachment.

(B) - Mechanical sleeve attachment.

(C) - Hand tucked splice attachment

TABLE G-3-1

rated capacities for improved plow steel,

independent wire rope core, wire rope slings

(in tons of 2000 pounds)

[Codification note: The graphic presentation of this table has been varied slightly in order that it would fall within the printing specifications for the Washington Administrative Code. The following table was too wide to be accommodated in the width of the WAC column. The table as codified has been divided into two tables covering the "TWO--LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH" for 6x19 Classification and for 6x37 Classification. Part One has Rope Diameter in Inches for Vertical and 60° within the two classifications. Part Two has Rope Diameter in Inches for 45° and 30° within the two classifications.]

TWO - LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH

(TABLE G-3: Part 1--Vertical and 60° Positions)

Vertical                     60°
Rope Dia. Inches	A	B	C	A	B	C
6 x 19 CLASSIFICATION
1/4"	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0	.97	.92
3/8"	2.6	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.0
1/2"	4.6	4.4	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.4
5/8"	7.2	6.8	6.0	6.2	5.9	5.2
3/4"	10.0	9.7	8.4	8.9	8.4	7.3
7/8"	14.	13.	11.	12.	11.	9.6
1"	18.	17.	14.	15.	15.	12.
1-1/8"	23.	21.	18.	19.	18.	16.
6 x 37 CLASSIFICATION
1-1/4"	26.	24.	21.	23.	21.	18.
1-3/8"	32.	29.	25.	28.	25.	22.
1-1/2"	38.	35.	30.	33.	30.	26.
1-3/4"	51.	47.	41.	44.	41.	35.
2"	66.	61.	53.	57.	53.	46.
2-1/4"	83.	76.	66.	72.	66.	57.

TABLE G-3-2

TWO - LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH

(TABLE G-3: Part 2--45° and 30° Positions)

(A) - Socket or swaged terminal attachment.

(B) - Mechanical sleeve attachment.

(C) - Hand tucked splice attachment.

TABLE G-4

rated capacities for improved plow steel,

fiber core, wire rope and wire rope slings

(in tons of 2000 pounds)

(A) - Socket or swaged terminal attachment.

(B) - Mechanical sleeve attachment.

(C) - Hand tucked splice attachment.

TABLE G-5

rated capacities for improved plow

steel, fiber core, wire rope slings

(in tons of 2000 pounds)

[Codification note: The graphic presentation of this table has been varied slightly in order that it would fall within the printing specifications for the Washington Administrative Code. The following table was too wide to be accommodated in the width of the WAC column. The table as codified has been divided into two tables covering the "TWO - LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH" for 6x19 Classification and for 6x37 Classification. Part One has Rope Diameter in Inches for Vertical and 60° within the two classifications. Part Two has Rope Diameter in Inches for 45° and 30° within the two classifications.]

two - leg bridle or basket hitch

(TABLE G-5: Part 1--Vertical and 60° Positions)

TABLE G-5-1

two - leg bridle or basket hitch

(TABLE G-5: Part 1--Vertical and 60° Positions)

	Vertical			60°
Rope Dia. Inches	A	B	C	A	B	C
6 x 19 CLASSIFICATION
1/4"	1.1	1.0	.99	.95	.88	.85
3/8"	2.4	2.2	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.8
1/2"	4.3	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.2
5/8"	6.7	6.2	5.6	5.8	5.3	4.8
3/4"	9.5	8.8	7.8	8.2	7.6	6.8
7/8"	13.	12.	10.	11.	10.	8.9
1"	17.	15.	13.	14.	13.	11.
1-1/8"	21.	19.	17.