Getting Started

Smoke levels can change frequently. The amount of tiny smoke particles in the air directly affects the overall air quality in an area and can increase to harmful levels for unprotected employees working outdoors. This is why keeping track of air quality and planning for bad smoky days are important best practice steps to keep your outdoor employees from getting sick from smoke during wildfire season.     

There are two common ways to report air quality :

• As PM_2.5 - short for “particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller”.
• As the AQI - short for “air quality index”. The AQI takes into account the PM_2.5 - plus four other major pollutants.

Here are some common online tools you can use to check the current air quality:

• Fire and Smoke Map from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Air Quality Map from the Washington State Department of Ecology, and 
• US Forest Service tools

As a best practice, a written safety plan will help you prepare for days when the air quality becomes harmful to health. As part of your plan, consider the following and use your answers as the basis for your safety plan:

Is it possible to limit outdoor work?

• Can you make arrangements to change work schedules or move work indoors?
• Is there any way to reduce the physical intensity of the work? Or increase rest periods?
• When should N95s or other respirators be used?
• Do workers and crew leads know the symptoms and health effects associated with breathing too much wildfire smoke? What should they do if they experience symptoms or health effects? When should they seek immediate medical treatment?

When outdoor work cannot be avoided, the best way to protect worker’s lungs from wildfire smoke is to use properly-fitted NIOSH-approved N95s, P100s, or elastomeric half-facepiece respirators with filter cartridges.

Bandanas, scarves, facemasks, KN95’s, or t-shirts worn over the nose and mouth will not provide effective protection against wildfire smoke.

L&I is currently involved in rulemaking for a permanent wildfire smoke rule. Increasingly intense wildfires and wildfire smoke continue to create health risks to all outdoor workers. L&I’s emergency rule, Wildfire Smoke Chapter 296-62-085 WAC, expired on September 29, 2022.

Visit L&I’s Wildfire Smoke Workplace Safety & Health Rulemaking webpage to stay informed and participate in this rulemaking process.

Other L&I Rules

• Core Rules (Chapter 296-800 WAC)
• Respirators (Chapter 296-842 WAC)

Cell Phone Apps

• Washington Ecology's “Air Quality WA”.
• EPA's "AirNow".

2022 Wildfire Smoke Emergency Rule Training & Resources

Although these materials were developed to meet DOSH 2022 wildfire smoke emergency rule requirements and are no longer required, employers are still encouraged to use these materials to help protect workers from wildfire smoke hazards.

• Wildfire smoke online training - sample self-paced trainings.
• Wildfire smoke response plan template – tailor this response plan to your workplace.
• Wildfire smoke Training Kit - sample PowerPoint training for groups (with printable PDFs in English, Spanish, and Russian).

General Wildfire Smoke Safety

• Protecting workers from wildfire smoke exposure (F101-190-000)
• Smoke from Fires from the Washington Department of Health contains many resources on wildfire smoke.
• Smoke-Ready Toolbox for Wildfires from the Environmental Protection Agency.
• Wildfire Smoke Safety website has additional smoke resources from the Pacific Northwest Agriculture Safety & Health (PNASH) Center at UW.

Indoor Air Quality

• Improving Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality during Wildfire Smoke Events (Dept. of Health).

Workers Compensation

• Wildfire Smoke - What To Do if a Worker Becomes Ill(F101-191-000).
  
  • Qué hacer si un trabajador se enferma por estar expuesto al humo de incendios forestales (Spanish).